One of the most closed US secret agencies, the NSA (
National Security Agency ), unveiled a book about the history of the earliest use of computers within the agency before 1964. That is, it tells about how
ATLAS , the early machines from IBM and
UNIVAC , were created and used.
Link to material:
http://www.governmentattic.org/3docs/NSA-HGPEDC_1964.pdf
The text is quite large (a little more than 100 pages), but very complete and interesting. I advise.
PS: For example, it is interesting to read how the memory was arranged at the ABNER machine: on acoustic waves in mercury.