Modern education in practice or what is taught in the 21st century

I'm shocked. I would even say a little rougher, but restrain myself.
In the courtyard, it means that already almost the middle of the 21st century (well, there is not much left after all), the spacecraft are traveling themselves,
everywhere there are various nano and not very nano technologies, and our education, together with the country, makes another technological leap ...

A friend sent me a couple of scans asking me to help answer a few questions.
Well, I think, well, why not help, but looking at the questions fell into a light stupor.
Actually, here they are (clickable):



I understand that education is conservative, but not so much.

Actually that's all. Sad and sad.
')
PS I happened to “work” with a computer-keyboard (“Byte”, “Search”) and with trembling hands with excitement print a box with a new, still smelling, motherboard under the 386th processor (and on the table stood quite a decent machine with XT) well, and a lot more still felt in those days ...
For reference: the latest external mathematical coprocessors have disappeared, if I'm not mistaken, with the advent of 486 processors in the mid-90s of the last millennium.

PPS I almost forgot, answers to questions 6 and 8 are accepted :)

UPD. Perezal on shaksa and additionally flooded on the radical, did not think that shaks would send ...