Innovation classification

Continuing the last article , today we will discuss the definition and classification of innovations. In the next topic, I will complete a series on the theory of innovation by considering innovative factors.

Approaches to the definition of innovation

In the most general case, innovation is interpreted as the transformation of potential scientific and technological progress into real, which is embodied in new products and technologies through the introduction of the achievements of science, technology and technology, as a natural, objective process of improving production. However, all existing approaches to the definition of innovation can be classified as follows:

1. Object:
- Own object, the essence of which is that innovation acts as an object-result of NTP: a new technique, technology. Representatives of this area - Schumpeter, Zavlin, Gokhberg.
- Object-utilitarian - innovation acts as an object - new consumer value, based on the achievements of science and technology, with the emphasis being placed on the utilitarian side of innovation, its ability to meet social needs with a large useful effect. Representatives of this direction are Sokolov, Fatkhutdinov.

2. Process:
- Actually process, the essence of which is that innovation is considered as a complex process, which includes the development, introduction into production and commercialization of new consumer values ​​- goods, equipment, technologies, organizational forms, etc. Representatives of the direction are Prigogine, Khuchek.
- Process-utilitarian - innovation acts as a process of creating, distributing and using new consumer values, and the emphasis is on the utilitarian side of innovation. Representatives of such a direction are Twiss, Santo, Mescon.
- Process and financial - innovation acts as a process of investing in innovations, investing in the development of new technology, technology, research. The representative of this direction is Morozov.
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However, most authors interpret the concept of innovation within the framework of the object approach itself. Let us dwell on the formulation of the concept of innovation in the framework of precisely this approach and agree with the definition adopted in world practice:
Innovation - the end result of innovation, which was embodied in the form of a new or improved product introduced in the market, a new or improved technological process used in practice or in a new approach to social services.

Innovation classification

There are a large number of approaches to the classification of innovations. Consider the main types of classifications of innovation:

1. in scope
- material and technical (equipment, technology, materials)
- social
- economic
- organizational and managerial
- legal
- pedagogical

2. on innovative potential
- radical (basic)
- combinatorial (using different compounds)
- improving (improving, supplementing)

3. by succession
- substitutes
- canceling
- rotary
- opening
- retrovvedennya

4.on scale
- innovations, new on a global scale (discovery, inventions, patents)
- new in the country
- new in the field
- new for the company

5. on the form of innovation
- discovery, inventions, patents
- innovation proposals
- know-how
- trademarks, trademarks, emblems
- new documents that describe technological, production, management processes, structures, structures, methods, etc.

6. at the implementation stage
- innovations introduced at the stage of strategic marketing
- innovations introduced at the R & D stage
- organizational and technological preparation of production
- production (including tactical marketing)
- service provided by the manufacturer


This work by Koroteev. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License .