Smem - Reports on memory allocation between processes and users on Linux.
Hello again. Friends, we want to share with you a translation of useful material about monitoring memory usage in Linux. This material was prepared specifically for students of the Linux Administrator course.
Memory management in monitoring its use is one of the most important areas in your Linux system. There are a wide variety of tools for monitoring memory usage in various Linux distributions. They also work in different ways, but in this article we will look at the installation and use of such a tool as smem .
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Smem is a command line reporting tool that provides the user with a variety of Linux memory usage reports. There is one unique thing about smem that sets it apart from traditional memory monitoring tools. The fact is that smem tells you PSS (Proportional Set Size), that is, it gives a more complete picture of the distribution of memory between applications and libraries in the virtual memory settings.
Existing traditional tools focus mainly on reading RSS (Resident Set Size), i.e. on the standard measure of monitoring memory usage in a physical memory scheme, which nevertheless tends to overestimate the use of memory by applications.
On the other hand, PSS rationally evaluates the use of memory, determining its fair distribution between applications and libraries in a virtual memory scheme.
You can refer to this manual (about PSS and RSS memory) to understand the mechanism of memory consumption in the Linux system. And now let's move on to looking at some of the features of smem .
Smem Features:
Before you start installing smem , you need to make sure that your system meets the following parameters:
Most Linux distributions today come with the latest kernel version with support for Python 2 or 3, so the only requirement in essence can only be installing matplotlib to draw beautiful graphics.
First, enable the EPEL repository (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux), then install the following:
Use this AUR repository .
To view a report on system memory usage by all system users, enter the following command:
When a standard user starts smem , the memory usage of the process that this user initiated is displayed. Processes are organized in ascending PSS .
Take a look at the sample output for my system. This shows the memory usage for processes initiated by the user aaronkilik :
There are many options that you can invoke while using smem, for example, to view the system-wide memory consumption, run the following command:
You can also view the memory usage of the mappings:
Smem has output filtering options. Now we take a look at two examples.
Filtering the output by username (username) is done by calling the
To filter the output by process name, enable the
Formatting output can be extremely useful, so smem provides options to help you format memory usage reports. Next we look at a couple of examples.
To display only the required columns in the report, use
You can use the
The following command will output totals at the end of each output column:
In addition, there are special options for graphic summaries that you can also use. In this section, we consider them.
You can create a histogram of processes and their PSS and RSS values. In the example below, we create a histogram of processes owned by the root user .
You have the ability to create a pie chart that reflects the processes and memory consumption of them based on PSS or RSS values. The command below displays a pie chart for processes owned by the root user , reflecting key values.
There are many other fields besides PSS and RSS used for marking diagrams.
To see the help, just type
Now we’ll stop at this stage. If you want a better deal with this tool, visit the manual page.
Useful links: https://www.selenic.com/smem/
See you on the course!
Memory management in monitoring its use is one of the most important areas in your Linux system. There are a wide variety of tools for monitoring memory usage in various Linux distributions. They also work in different ways, but in this article we will look at the installation and use of such a tool as smem .
')
Smem is a command line reporting tool that provides the user with a variety of Linux memory usage reports. There is one unique thing about smem that sets it apart from traditional memory monitoring tools. The fact is that smem tells you PSS (Proportional Set Size), that is, it gives a more complete picture of the distribution of memory between applications and libraries in the virtual memory settings.
Existing traditional tools focus mainly on reading RSS (Resident Set Size), i.e. on the standard measure of monitoring memory usage in a physical memory scheme, which nevertheless tends to overestimate the use of memory by applications.
On the other hand, PSS rationally evaluates the use of memory, determining its fair distribution between applications and libraries in a virtual memory scheme.
You can refer to this manual (about PSS and RSS memory) to understand the mechanism of memory consumption in the Linux system. And now let's move on to looking at some of the features of smem .
Smem Features:
- Listing system overview;
- Listing and filtering by processes, mappings and users;
- Using data from the / proc file system;
- Customizable listing columns for multiple data sources;
- Configurable output units and percentages;
- Easy setup of headings and totals in lists;
- Using snapshots from directory mirrors or compressed tar files;
- Built-in chart generation;
- Lightweight capture tool used in embedded systems.
How to install Smem - a memory monitoring tool for Linux
Before you start installing smem , you need to make sure that your system meets the following parameters:
- Modern core (version 2.6.27);
- The current version of Python (supported from 2.4);
- Optional matplotlib library for generating diagrams.
Most Linux distributions today come with the latest kernel version with support for Python 2 or 3, so the only requirement in essence can only be installing matplotlib to draw beautiful graphics.
On RHEL, CentOS and Fedora systems
First, enable the EPEL repository (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux), then install the following:
# yum install smem python-matplotlib python-tk On Debian and Ubuntu systems
$ sudo apt-get install smem On Linux Mint
$ sudo apt-get install smem python-matplotlib python-tk On Arch Linux
Use this AUR repository .
How to use Smem
To view a report on system memory usage by all system users, enter the following command:
$ sudo smem Monitor Memory Usage of Linux System PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 165 1780 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 178 1832 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 179 1916 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 184 2052 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 187 2060 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 187 2060 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 188 2124 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 196 2064 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 196 2136 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 236 1604 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 326 2548 1588 root cron 0 292 333 2344 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 334 1632 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 343 2096 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 351 1820 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 371 1776 2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 378 2368 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 386 2684 344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 427 2132 2960 tecmint /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin 0 480 485 992 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 1559 avahi avahi-daemon: running [tecm 0 284 517 3108 7289 postfix pickup -l -t unix -u -c 0 288 534 2808 2135 root /usr/lib/postfix/master 0 352 576 2872 2436 postfix qmgr -l -t unix -u 0 360 606 2884 1521 root /lib/systemd/systemd-logind 0 600 650 3276 2222 nobody /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-reso 0 604 669 3288 .... When a standard user starts smem , the memory usage of the process that this user initiated is displayed. Processes are organized in ascending PSS .
Take a look at the sample output for my system. This shows the memory usage for processes initiated by the user aaronkilik :
$ smem Monitor User Memory Usage in Linux PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 166 1780 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 3122 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd 0 656 801 5552 3471 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 708 864 5992 3396 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-mtp-volu 0 804 914 6204 3208 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/i 0 892 1012 6188 3380 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-afc-volu 0 820 1024 6396 3034 tecmint //bin/dbus-daemon --fork -- 0 920 1081 3040 3365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2- 0 972 1099 6052 3228 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-trash - 0 980 1153 6648 3107 tecmint /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-servic 0 1212 1283 5376 6399 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/chrome - 0 144 1409 10732 3478 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/g 0 1724 1820 6320 7365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-http -- 0 1352 1884 8704 6937 tecmint /opt/libreoffice5.0/program 0 1140 2328 5040 3194 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/p 0 1956 2405 14228 6373 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/nacl_hel 0 2324 2541 8908 3313 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-udisks2- 0 2460 2754 8736 3464 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 2684 2823 7920 5771 tecmint ssh -p 4521 tecmnt765@212.7 0 2544 2864 6540 5759 tecmint /bin/bash 0 2416 2923 5640 3541 tecmint /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/mi 0 2584 3008 7248 7657 tecmint bash 0 2516 3055 6028 3127 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /r 0 3024 3126 8032 3205 tecmint mate-screensaver 0 2520 3331 18072 3171 tecmint /usr/lib/mate-panel/notific 0 2860 3495 17140 3030 tecmint x-session-manager 0 4400 4879 17500 3197 tecmint mate-volume-control-applet 0 3860 5226 23736 ... There are many options that you can invoke while using smem, for example, to view the system-wide memory consumption, run the following command:
$ sudo smem -w Monitor System Wide Memory User Consumption Area Used Cache Noncache firmware/hardware 0 0 0 kernel image 0 0 0 kernel dynamic memory 1425320 1291412 133908 userspace memory 2215368 451608 1763760 free memory 4424936 4424936 0 You can also view the memory usage of the mappings:
$ sudo smem -m Monitor Memory Usage by Mappings in Linux Map PIDs AVGPSS PSS /dev/fb0 1 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/7ef2298f 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/c57959a1 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.local/share/mime/mime.cac 15 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_100_p 9 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_200_p 9 0 0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconv/gconv-mo 41 0 0 /usr/share/icons/Mint-X-Teal/icon-theme. 15 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0c9eb80ebd1c36541e 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0d8c3b2ac0904cb8a5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/1ac9eb803944fde146 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/385c0604a188198f04 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/4794a0821666d79190 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/56cf4f4769d0f4abc8 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/767a8244fc0220cfb5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/8801497958630a81b7 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/99e8ed0e538f840c56 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/b9d506c9ac06c20b43 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/c05880de57d1f5e948 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/dc05db6664285cc2f1 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e13b20fdb08344e0e6 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e7071f4a29fa870f43 20 0 0 .... Smem has output filtering options. Now we take a look at two examples.
Filtering the output by username (username) is done by calling the
-u or --userfilter="regex" options, as in the example below: $ sudo smem -u Report Memory Usage by User User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1400 1423 3236 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323804 353374 496552 tecmint 64 0 1708900 1871766 2819212 To filter the output by process name, enable the
-P or --processfilter="regex" option: $ sudo smem --processfilter="firefox" Report Memory Usage by Process Name PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 9212 root sudo smem --processfilter=f 0 1172 1434 4856 9213 root /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/sm 0 7368 7793 11984 4424 tecmint /usr/lib/firefox/firefox 0 931732 937590 961504 Formatting output can be extremely useful, so smem provides options to help you format memory usage reports. Next we look at a couple of examples.
To display only the required columns in the report, use
-c or –columns , as shown below: $ sudo smem -c "name user pss rss" Report Memory Usage by Columns Name User PSS RSS cat tecmint 145 1784 cat tecmint 147 1676 ck-launch-sessi tecmint 165 1780 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 178 1832 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 179 1916 getty root 184 2052 getty root 187 2060 getty root 187 2060 getty root 188 2124 getty root 196 2064 getty root 196 2136 sh tecmint 224 1540 acpid root 236 1604 syndaemon tecmint 296 2560 rtkit-daemon rtkit 326 2548 cron root 333 2344 avahi-daemon avahi 334 1632 irqbalance root 343 2096 upstart-socket- root 351 1820 dbus-launch tecmint 360 2160 upstart-file-br root 371 1776 xdm root 378 2368 kerneloops kernoops 386 2684 upstart-udev-br root 427 2132 ssh-agent tecmint 485 992 You can use the
-p option to report a percentage of memory usage: $ sudo smem -p Report Memory Usage by Percentages PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 6368 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1588 root cron 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% The following command will output totals at the end of each output column:
$ sudo smem -t Report Total Memory Usage Count PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 139 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 141 1676 9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0 96 158 1508 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 163 1780 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 108 170 1540 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1916 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1832 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 181 2052 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 184 2060 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 184 2060 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 185 2124 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 193 2064 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 193 2136 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 232 1604 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 260 298 2564 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 324 2548 1588 root cron 0 292 326 2344 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 332 1632 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 340 2096 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 349 1820 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 359 2160 1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 370 1776 2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 375 2368 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 384 2684 344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 426 2132 ..... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134 11 0 2171428 2376266 3587972 In addition, there are special options for graphic summaries that you can also use. In this section, we consider them.
You can create a histogram of processes and their PSS and RSS values. In the example below, we create a histogram of processes owned by the root user .
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --bar pid -c"pss rss" You have the ability to create a pie chart that reflects the processes and memory consumption of them based on PSS or RSS values. The command below displays a pie chart for processes owned by the root user , reflecting key values.
- - pie means a label by name, and the -s helps sort by PSS value. $ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --pie name -s pss There are many other fields besides PSS and RSS used for marking diagrams.
To see the help, just type
smem -h or consult the documentation.Now we’ll stop at this stage. If you want a better deal with this tool, visit the manual page.
Useful links: https://www.selenic.com/smem/
See you on the course!
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/459234/
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