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Setting up automatic testing of a hybrid application

In this article I want to share the experience of solving the problem of launching automated testing of a mobile application on Android.

What will tell:



Task


Automate testing of a hybrid mobile application.

About the application to test:
PlatformAndroid
FrameworkAngular, Cordova, Ionic
BrowserCrosswalk

Perhaps these are the key points that influenced the configuration of the PC to run tests.
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Testing environment


We will use Appium as a tool for automatic testing.
In short, this is a tool that allows using the server to send commands to the client what to do and what to do.

Full information you can get on the developer's site.

Let's get started

In a convenient place for you on the disk, create the folder “Appium automation”.

For example:

C:\Appium automation

Next in this folder (C: \ Appium automation) create several more folders:
Android SDKC: \ Appium automation \ Android SDK
Android StudioC: \ Appium automation \ Android Studio
APKC: \ Appium automation \ APK
Appium libC: \ Appium automation \ Appium Lib
Selenium libC: \ Appium automation \ Selenium Lib

If any of the applications / components you have installed, follow the instructions and you will simply understand the logic of the relationship, i.e. it is not necessary to reinstall everything.

Filling created folders and loading other components


1. Java SDK


Follow the link and click Download:



Next we get to the download page for different OS, because I have Windows 10 x64, choose:



After downloading the file, open it and unpack the .exe file (select the installation path) to the folder:

 C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-12.0.1

(the version number at the time of download may be different)

2. Android Studio and Android SDK


To download , click on the link .

Install to folder:

 C:\Appium automation\Android Studio

During the first launch of Android Studio, you will need to configure the program :


Create a new project in Android Studio:


Install SDK Tools

In Android Studio, select Tools - SDK Manager.

In the window that appears, the Android SDK section will be selected.



On the SDK Platforms tab, select the version of Android on which you will conduct testing.
And, on the SDK Tools, select the points:


Click Apply or Ok and wait for the download and installation of components.



3. Create PATH variables


Right-click on “My Computer” - “Properties” - “Advanced System Settings”.
In the window that opens, on the “Advanced” tab, select “Environment Variables ...”

In the “System Variables” block we create a new variable.





First variable

Variable Name - JAVA_HOME

The value of the variable is

 C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-12.0.1

(that way where you installed jdk in claim 1, in some cases it is possible that the Program Files folder will be called Program Files (x86))

Second variable

Variable Name - ANDROID_HOME

The value of the variable is

 C:\Appium automation\Android SDK

Addition of the Path variable

In the list of system variables, find the Path variable and click “Change ...”.

Click in the “Create” window that appears and add variables:


As a result, you should get 4 new variables, then you need to click Ok.



4. Appium


Download Appium:




Run the downloaded .exe file and install Appium on your PC. During the installation process, you will need to select only install globally or a specific user. I installed globally, because for me it doesn't matter.

Download the Appium libraries:




The downloaded .jar file is moved to the folder.

 C:\Appium automation\Appium Lib




The downloaded .jar file is moved to the folder:

 C:\Appium automation\Appium Lib





The downloaded .jar file is moved to the folder:

 C:\Appium automation\Appium Lib

Download the Selenium libraries:




Unpack the downloaded archive into the folder:

 C:\Appium automation\Selenium Lib

5. IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition


To download, follow the link https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download
Near the Community version and click Download (this is a free version, but it is enough for automatic tests).

On the download page there is a comparison of Community and Ultimate versions.

In case you want to buy the Ultimate version, feel free to do it! But, once again, the Community version will be enough.

Run the downloaded .exe file and install it (just click Next until the program starts to install)

First launch of IntelliJ IDEA


Create a project in IntelliJ IDEA


Settings for the created project

Choose File - Project Structure ...

In the window that appears, select Modules - Dependencies - “+” - JARs or directories ...



And add to the project all previously loaded libraries.



Click OK.

Now the project is ready to run tests.

6. Setting up an Android device


Real device
You need a USB cable to connect the device to the computer and the smartphone itself.

To get started in the smartphone, go to “Settings” - “About phone”.

Further, on different smartphones everything is different, but the essence is to find the “Serial number” and click on it 5-7 times until the toaster appears, that “You are a developer now” (the alert text may differ from model to model)

After this manipulation, the “For Developers” section will appear in your phone’s settings. He can also hide from model to model in different sections, for example, he will be somewhere in “Settings” - “For Developers”, and somewhere “Settings” - “Special Opportunities” - “For Developers”, etc. .

You need to go to the “For Developers” section and activate “USB Debugging”.

When you connect your smartphone via USB, you will see a message about debugging permission via USB, you can check the box “Trust this device” and click “OK”, then this message will not appear again the next time you connect the phone to this PC.
All your smartphone is ready to work in automatic tests.

Virtual device

You can also create a virtual device through Android Studio, then you will not need to connect a real device to your computer.

But on a virtual device, tests can work slower than on a real one.

To create it, open Android Studio, further:


After the done manipulations in the section “Tools” - “AVD Manager” you will see the created device. Using the green “Play” icon you can launch the device.

How to check that your PC saw the connected device?

Run the command line (“Start” - “System Tools - Windows” - “Command Line”)
And enter the adb devices command.

As a result, if the device is connected with the “USB debugging” function enabled, you will receive a connected device and its UDID (serial number):

 List of devices attached UDID device

7. We write the project


We add import.

 package name; import java.util.*; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidElement; import io.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

Register the server and where it should send requests

Install Android Driver:

 AndroidDriver<AndroidElement> driver = null;

Set the parameters (properties):

 DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();

Device name (you can find it for the real device in “Settings” - “About phone”, and for the virtual “Tools” - “AVD Manager” - the “Name” field):

 capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "MyPhone");

The link to the APK that you want to run (.apk must be a debug build so that you and the appium can inspect the application):

 capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, "C:\\Appium automation\\APK\\My-debug-Apk.apk");

Run Appium Driver:

 try { driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); }

This code will be enough to start your application on the connected device.

Additional commands

In order to suspend the project for a certain amount of time, for example, 8 seconds. (value is specified in milliseconds). It may be necessary if you need to wait for the page or application to load:

 Thread.sleep(8000);

We get ContextHandles, where we understand what we are working with now (NATIVE_APP or WEBVIEW):

 Set<String> contextNames = driver.getContextHandles(); for (String contextName : contextNames) { System.out.println(contextName); }

Assign Context to the last value received in the array. This will allow you to correctly switch to WEBVIEW, because default Context = NATIVE_APP:

 driver.context((String) contextNames.toArray()[contextNames.toArray().length - 1]);

We control the application interface

Because we work with a hybrid application, i.e. the elements of the application are drawn in WEBVIEW, and not in NATIVE_APP, then most often we will have to use one type of search for the findElementByCssSelector element.

Click on the Ok button:

 driver.findElementByCssSelector(".button-ok").click();

- where .button-ok is the class of the element. You can also use the item ID exactly.

We send the value to the field, for example, you have a search and you want to send the value “Cinema” there.

 driver.findElementByCssSelector(".search-input").sendKeys("");


Click to find:

 driver.findElementByCssSelector(".search-button").click();

In this way, you can already manage your application.

Sooner or later, you will come to the point that not all the content is placed on the smartphone screen, i.e. you need to scroll. If an element is not visible on the screen during the testing process, Appium will throw out an error that it does not see the element and most likely all further testing will be covered with errors.

In order to scroll across the screen, you can execute the JS function scrollIntoView in Java.

 ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("document.querySelector('.button-ok').scrollIntoView({block: \"end\", behavior: \"smooth\"});");

In my case, this will allow you to go down to the Ok button.

It may be an incident that you kind of wrote everything correctly, but the scrolling is not performed.

Try to bind to other elements on the screen and first it is better to do this through the console in Chrome - Inspect, so you are guaranteed to understand that when you bind to this element, the scroll will work.

You can go to step 8 and if everything works for you, then that's fine!
But I had another pitfall.
His name is Crosswalk Browser.

When I started the project, I constantly got an error:

 “Make sure the app has its webview configured for debugging”

It means that not one test was performed.

What you need to check in this case:


After these manipulations, add another capabilities to your project.

 capabilities.setCapability("chromedriverExecutable", "C:\\node_modules\\appium-with-crosswalk-fix\\chromedriver\\2.28\\chromedriver.exe");

- where C: \\ node_modules \\ appium-with-crosswalk-fix \\ chromedriver \\ 2.28 \\ chromedriver.exe
this is the path to a fixed chromedriver

Total your project will look like this:

 package name; import java.util.*; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver; import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidElement; import io.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { AndroidDriver<AndroidElement> driver = null; DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "MyPhone"); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, "C:\\Appium automation\\APK\\My-debug-apk.apk"); capabilities.setCapability("chromedriverExecutable", "C:\\node_modules\\appium-with-crosswalk-fix\\chromedriver\\2.28\\chromedriver.exe"); try { driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } Set<String> contextNames = driver.getContextHandles(); for (String contextName : contextNames) { System.out.println(contextName); } driver.context((String) contextNames.toArray()[contextNames.toArray().length - 1]); Thread.sleep(8000); driver.findElementByCssSelector(".search-input").sendKeys(""); driver.findElementByCssSelector(".search-button").click(); }

Such a project:


8. Run the project


There are several main points for a project to start:


Well, then you are free to test settings, the necessary information is on the official website of the developer .
Appium can also be used to test iOS applications.

I wanted to write short, but it turned out as always.

Thanks to everyone who read to the end, I hope you have been useful!

Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/452742/

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