Moon mission "Bereshit": landing-crash-fall on the moon
April 11, 2019 at 22.25 Moscow time, an emergency landing (falling on the surface of the moon) of the first private apparatus on the moon was made.
More than 47 days of flight in outer space behind, more than 6.5 million kilometers of distance traveled, impossible to do - problems with blinding position sensors and resetting the on-board computer in the process of performing important maneuvers in the Earth’s orbit were overcome, a complex gravitational jump to the Moon’s orbit was made and 11.04.2019, the first Israeli spacecraft Bereshit made a hard and destructive landing on the visible side of the moon in the Sea of ​​Clarity (the failure of one of the inertial orientation blocks).
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Although, the project team will receive $ 1 million from the XPRIZE.
Attention, there are a lot of pictures inside.
This moment waited for a very long time. But they did not wait. Equipment orientation led to the very end of the landing procedure.
What an interesting wording for the landing: XprazE has made it to $ 1 million Moonshot Award for its groundbreaking achievements .
It is assumed that the diameter of the formed crater after falling from 3 to 5 meters and the LRO probe can fix it. The Bereshit device crashed into the surface of the Moon at a small angle (~ 8 °), the crater can be elongated.
Israel is the 7th country that dropped the spacecraft to the moon:
Israel at the moment did not become the fourth country that organized the landing on the moon of its scientific apparatus, after the USSR (1959), the USA (1966) and China (2013), ahead of India literally by several days / months.
This accident during the final part of the procedure of landing the “Bereshit” device is not considered a landing, since the device was completely destroyed by a blow to the surface.
Devices on the moon:
An interactive map with devices is located here .
Previously published materials about the mission "Bereshit":
1. Moonlight mission "Bereshit" - an online portal with a simulator of the trajectory and monitoring of current flight parameters .
2. Moon mission “Bereshit” - selfies against the background of the Earth .
3. Moonlight mission “Bereshit” - the engineers at the SpaceIL and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) MCC solved the problems .
4. Lunar mission "Bereshit" - the characteristics of the apparatus, a series of maneuvers and the longest journey to the moon .
5. Lunar mission "Bereshit" - the fourth maneuver is completed successfully, preparations are under way to enter the lunar orbit .
6. Moonlight mission "Bereshit" - the first video from the onboard camera and new photos in outer space .
7. Moonlight mission "Bereshit" - eight milestones of success and $ 1 million from the "XPRIZE Foundation" (assuming a successful landing) .
8. Lunar mission “Bereshit” - on April 4, 2019 the transition to lunar orbit was completed, ahead of 7 days of flight, 6 maneuvers and 1 landing .
2. Moon mission “Bereshit” - selfies against the background of the Earth .
3. Moonlight mission “Bereshit” - the engineers at the SpaceIL and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) MCC solved the problems .
4. Lunar mission "Bereshit" - the characteristics of the apparatus, a series of maneuvers and the longest journey to the moon .
5. Lunar mission "Bereshit" - the fourth maneuver is completed successfully, preparations are under way to enter the lunar orbit .
6. Moonlight mission "Bereshit" - the first video from the onboard camera and new photos in outer space .
7. Moonlight mission "Bereshit" - eight milestones of success and $ 1 million from the "XPRIZE Foundation" (assuming a successful landing) .
8. Lunar mission “Bereshit” - on April 4, 2019 the transition to lunar orbit was completed, ahead of 7 days of flight, 6 maneuvers and 1 landing .
A project is considered successful if all its milestones are completed.
The main milestones of the mission "Bereshit" passed, except for the last - there is a failure:
Briefly about the mission “Bereshit”: 8 years of development, the cost of the project is $ 100 million, 200 volunteers, scientists and engineers, 47 days of flight and more than 6.5 million kilometers overcome, 380 kg of fuel at the start, 6 on-board cameras, and 1 landing, only 48 hours of work on the moon and remotely solved problems and problems in outer space.
Problems and solutions that were in space (there were many reloads of BC!):
The purpose of the mission: the desire to promote the development of technological and scientific progress in Israel, to make the world's first private space lunar program.
The list of countries (the first orbiters are taken into account) with vehicles in the Moon’s orbit:
1. Luna-10, USSR, 1966;
2. Lunar Orbiter 1, USA, 1966;
3. Hagoromo, Japan, 1990;
4. SMART-1, ESA, 2005;
5. Chang'e-1, China, 2007;
6. Chandrayan-1, India, 2008;
7. Beresheet, Israel, 2019.
The main characteristics of the mission and lunar apparatus "Bereshit":
- the beginning of the mission: February 22, 2019;
- the planned end of the mission: landing April 11, 2019, loss of communication with the device April 14, 2019;
- the trajectory of movement to the moon (in fact - the maximum of the possible): complex, changeable by performing a series of maneuvers (turning on the engines for a few seconds or even minutes) to increase the apogee of its elliptical upholstery after each turn around the Earth;
- the height of the Bereshit apparatus is about 1.5 meters, the diameter is 2 meters (2.3 meters between the landing supports);
- weight 530 kilograms with fuel (fuel weight - 380 kg), 150 kg without fuel;
- main engine: modification LEROS 2b;
- the main element of the on-board computer: Gaisler HiRel GR712RC dual-core processor;
- six 8-megapixel cameras Imperx Bobcat B3320C with Ruda optics;
- scientific instruments: magnetometer, an array of corner laser reflectors.
With the help of a magnetometer (manufacturer - Weizmann Institute, Israel) it is planned to conduct a series of measurements of the magnetic field of the moon in the landing zone.
The LRO laser altimeter (NASA lunar orbital probe), designed to compile a height map, will send laser light pulses to the Bereshit angular reflector and then measure how long light takes to go back.
Using this technique, NASA and SpaceIL engineers plan to be able to determine the location of the Bereshit device with an accuracy of up to 10 centimeters.
Also, when the Bereshit unit will perform the landing procedure, the LRO (NASA lunar orbital probe) will analyze the “exhaust gases” of the main fluid engine.
SpaceIL does not have its own space communications center, so the organization of data transmission between the MCC on Earth and the Bereshit device in space is a complex process, which involves:
- a network of antennas of the Swedish Space Corporation (Swedish Space Corporation), thanks to which the Bereshit device transmits navigation commands and tracks its trajectory;
- NASA's Remote Space Network (DSN) for controlling the Bereshit device and transmitting scientific data from the device to Earth after its landing on the Moon.
DSN is a network of radio telescopes and a system of dozens of huge antennas for communication with spacecraft in deep space, it is operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
The Bereshit device was developed by SpaceIL organizations, which is mainly supported by private investors, including American magnate Sheldon Adelson and billionaire Morris Kahn, who are also co-determinants of Amdocs (DOX), one of the largest companies in Israel.
By force and by means of only one small private company, it is impossible to send the lunar apparatus into space, but with the help of the international space community, you can turn an idea into a fully-fledged project that is currently being implemented.
Project participants involved in the mission "Bereshit":
- a team of young Israeli scientists and engineers from the company SpaceIL,
- NASA (USA)
- ISA (Israeli Space Agency),
- IAI (Israel Aviation Industry Concern),
- company Spaceflight Industries (USA, organizer of the launch of the Bereshit apparatus into orbit),
- SpaceX company (USA, Falcon 9 booster rocket),
- Swedish Space Corporation (Swedish Space Corporation),
- Cobham company (Sweden),
- Company Ramon Chips (Israel).
After all, SpaceIL is a small organization by world standards, its staff includes about 200 people, and most of them are volunteers, scientists and engineers who “strive to promote the development of technological and scientific progress in Israel.”
- the planned end of the mission: landing April 11, 2019, loss of communication with the device April 14, 2019;
- the trajectory of movement to the moon (in fact - the maximum of the possible): complex, changeable by performing a series of maneuvers (turning on the engines for a few seconds or even minutes) to increase the apogee of its elliptical upholstery after each turn around the Earth;
- the height of the Bereshit apparatus is about 1.5 meters, the diameter is 2 meters (2.3 meters between the landing supports);
- weight 530 kilograms with fuel (fuel weight - 380 kg), 150 kg without fuel;
- main engine: modification LEROS 2b;
- the main element of the on-board computer: Gaisler HiRel GR712RC dual-core processor;
- six 8-megapixel cameras Imperx Bobcat B3320C with Ruda optics;
- scientific instruments: magnetometer, an array of corner laser reflectors.
With the help of a magnetometer (manufacturer - Weizmann Institute, Israel) it is planned to conduct a series of measurements of the magnetic field of the moon in the landing zone.
The LRO laser altimeter (NASA lunar orbital probe), designed to compile a height map, will send laser light pulses to the Bereshit angular reflector and then measure how long light takes to go back.
Using this technique, NASA and SpaceIL engineers plan to be able to determine the location of the Bereshit device with an accuracy of up to 10 centimeters.
Also, when the Bereshit unit will perform the landing procedure, the LRO (NASA lunar orbital probe) will analyze the “exhaust gases” of the main fluid engine.
SpaceIL does not have its own space communications center, so the organization of data transmission between the MCC on Earth and the Bereshit device in space is a complex process, which involves:
- a network of antennas of the Swedish Space Corporation (Swedish Space Corporation), thanks to which the Bereshit device transmits navigation commands and tracks its trajectory;
- NASA's Remote Space Network (DSN) for controlling the Bereshit device and transmitting scientific data from the device to Earth after its landing on the Moon.
DSN is a network of radio telescopes and a system of dozens of huge antennas for communication with spacecraft in deep space, it is operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
The Bereshit device was developed by SpaceIL organizations, which is mainly supported by private investors, including American magnate Sheldon Adelson and billionaire Morris Kahn, who are also co-determinants of Amdocs (DOX), one of the largest companies in Israel.
By force and by means of only one small private company, it is impossible to send the lunar apparatus into space, but with the help of the international space community, you can turn an idea into a fully-fledged project that is currently being implemented.
Project participants involved in the mission "Bereshit":
- a team of young Israeli scientists and engineers from the company SpaceIL,
- NASA (USA)
- ISA (Israeli Space Agency),
- IAI (Israel Aviation Industry Concern),
- company Spaceflight Industries (USA, organizer of the launch of the Bereshit apparatus into orbit),
- SpaceX company (USA, Falcon 9 booster rocket),
- Swedish Space Corporation (Swedish Space Corporation),
- Cobham company (Sweden),
- Company Ramon Chips (Israel).
After all, SpaceIL is a small organization by world standards, its staff includes about 200 people, and most of them are volunteers, scientists and engineers who “strive to promote the development of technological and scientific progress in Israel.”
About the landing site of the vehicle "Bereshit":
According to estimates, the Bereshit device should make a soft landing on April 11, 2019 on a dark lava plain known as the Sea of ​​Clarity, not far from the region in which the Apollo 17 mission astronauts leaped on December 11, 1972.
In SpaceIL promised to record the landing on video and show after a while in the public domain.
The planned landing area of ​​the vehicle "Bereshit":
The Bereshit unit has no thermal protection and cooling systems, the estimated operating time on the lunar surface is about two terrestrial days (three days maximum), then its electronics will fail due to overheating, communication with the apparatus will be lost, and it will become a new lunar a monument in the Sea of ​​Clarity, next to Lunokhod-2 (Luna-21 mission) and modules of the Apollo-17 mission.
The date April 11, 2019 is chosen based on the fact that on the surface of the moon in the landing zone at this time will be sunny, but not hot. But the temperature on the lunar surface reaches + 127 ° C, depending on the degree of illumination.
Thus, the Bereshit apparatus should land in the northern part of the Sea of ​​Clarity 48 hours after dawn in this region, when the temperature will be relatively low.
When landing, the on-board computer of the Bereshit device will automatically find the most suitable safe landing area (the restriction is still there: the area of ​​the planned landing zone is 30 square kilometers).
With the help of engines, the Bereshit device will reduce its speed to 0, after which at an altitude of five meters above the surface of the Moon, the engines will be completely turned off.
Further, the Bereshit unit will begin a slow free fall on the lunar surface, followed by touching. If everything goes smoothly, then at this moment the Bereshit device will become the first private spacecraft on the Moon.
The planned landing site of the Bereshit vehicle is located in this area of ​​the lunar surface:
Why did you choose a place for landing exactly in the Sea of ​​Clarity?
Criteria for selecting a site for the landing of the vehicle "Bereshit":
In SpaceIL promised to record the landing on video and show after a while in the public domain.
The planned landing area of ​​the vehicle "Bereshit":
The Bereshit unit has no thermal protection and cooling systems, the estimated operating time on the lunar surface is about two terrestrial days (three days maximum), then its electronics will fail due to overheating, communication with the apparatus will be lost, and it will become a new lunar a monument in the Sea of ​​Clarity, next to Lunokhod-2 (Luna-21 mission) and modules of the Apollo-17 mission.
The date April 11, 2019 is chosen based on the fact that on the surface of the moon in the landing zone at this time will be sunny, but not hot. But the temperature on the lunar surface reaches + 127 ° C, depending on the degree of illumination.
Thus, the Bereshit apparatus should land in the northern part of the Sea of ​​Clarity 48 hours after dawn in this region, when the temperature will be relatively low.
When landing, the on-board computer of the Bereshit device will automatically find the most suitable safe landing area (the restriction is still there: the area of ​​the planned landing zone is 30 square kilometers).
With the help of engines, the Bereshit device will reduce its speed to 0, after which at an altitude of five meters above the surface of the Moon, the engines will be completely turned off.
Further, the Bereshit unit will begin a slow free fall on the lunar surface, followed by touching. If everything goes smoothly, then at this moment the Bereshit device will become the first private spacecraft on the Moon.
The planned landing site of the Bereshit vehicle is located in this area of ​​the lunar surface:
Why did you choose a place for landing exactly in the Sea of ​​Clarity?
Criteria for selecting a site for the landing of the vehicle "Bereshit":
- a large safe area in the landing zone with the ability to maneuver as needed while descending and landing the first time;
- site with a relatively small number of craters, detached stones or steep slopes in the landing zone;
- the presence of magnetic anomalies in the landing zone for the use of a magnetometer.
Video about the flight path of the Bereshit vehicle:
Here's how the flight of the Bereshit apparatus in pictures looks in the description from the engineers of the SpaceIL organization:
Video script about the mission "Bereshit":
Dream:
Creation:
Reality:
Photos and video previously taken with the Bereshit device:
A short (12 seconds) video from the onboard camera of the Bereshit device was recorded shortly after separation from the Falcon 9. In the background you can see the outlines of the installation with the main payload (Indonesian communications satellite), performing correction of its position, on the left side of the Moon. At the end of the roller, the mechanism for advancing the landing support of the Bereshit apparatus, which was folded at the time of launch, is triggered.
Photos from a distance of 15,000 km:
Photo from March 3, 2019 from a distance of 37,600 km:
Photos from a distance of 131,000 km:
Photos from a distance of 265,000 km:
On March 31, 2019, the Bereshit unit made its last flight around the Earth and at a distance of 16,000 km made such a wonderful photograph (the Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa are visible):
April 4, 2019, the distance to the surface of the moon is 500 km. The white disk is Earth! View of the reverse side of the moon.
Photos from a distance of 15,000 km:
Photo from March 3, 2019 from a distance of 37,600 km:
Photos from a distance of 131,000 km:
Photos from a distance of 265,000 km:
On March 31, 2019, the Bereshit unit made its last flight around the Earth and at a distance of 16,000 km made such a wonderful photograph (the Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa are visible):
April 4, 2019, the distance to the surface of the moon is 500 km. The white disk is Earth! View of the reverse side of the moon.
Moon photos from April 7, 2019:
Distance to the Moon 550 km:
Distance to the moon 2500 km:
In the NASA online simulator " Eyes on the Solar System ":
April 8, 2019 (new maneuvers are performed to reduce the parameters of the orbit):
April 9, 2019 (new maneuvers are completed - a circular orbit is reached with a height above the surface of 200 km and a circulation period of 2 hours, the engines worked for 78 seconds, 12 kilograms of fuel were spent):
April 10, 2019 - the final pre-landing orbital maneuver was performed - an exit to an elliptical orbit with an apocenter of 200 km and a pericenter of 15-17 km.
Everything, then only landing, because in the calculation of the landing area is already a lunar day begins!
The trajectory of the lunar maneuvers apparatus "Bereshit":
Landing site map and LRO snapshot with three refined Beresheet landing areas (Posidonius 1 - main, Posidonius 2 and 3 - backup):
MCC SpaceIL and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI):
And now let's go back a little into the past and see how the Bereshit device was created and tested.
How to assemble the unit "Bereshit":
About prelaunch training apparatus "Bereshit"
Before the start, the Bereshit unit and its elements passed many special tests:
Were tested the functionality of the landing mechanisms on the prototype apparatus.
Testing of the supports and structure of the apparatus in the landing mode:
Temperature tests:
Vibration tests:
High-altitude crane tests for dynamic testing of various sensors of the Bereshit device, including calibration and adjustment of the landing sensor:
Complicated perception tests of the Earthman:
One of the most important parts of the Bereshit vehicle is fuel tanks (together with the fuel tanks, they make up 80% of the total mass of the vehicle as a percentage).
Temperature control sensors are connected to the top and bottom strips on the tanks, through which the fuel condition is monitored, and the strips themselves are special heating elements for fuel thermoregulation, which are specially designed for the organization of the SpaceIL and the Bereshit device.
Photos of outer space Bereshit makes using six 8-megapixel cameras Imperx Bobcat B3320C with Ruda optics.
On board each camera:
- two video processors - for backup (in case of failure so that it can work further);
- A special lens that can function in harsh environmental conditions and extreme temperature conditions prevailing on the moon: -120 ° C + 120 ° C.
The camera weight is ~ 130 grams, the camera body is made of titanium.
Even for small children , a book about the Bereshit device was published:
A video tutorial for children about the Bereshit device (even without understanding the language in pictures, it is very interesting to watch):
There are already t-shirts and caps with the symbolism of the mission “Bereshit”:
And now about the landing vehicle "Bereshit" April 11, 2019:
Video about the landing procedure:
A little about the main points of landing:
The surface of the moon is covered with craters and has a complex relief:
For the organization of planting apparatus "Bereshit" need 30 square kilometers on a flat surface.
April 11, 2019 in the landing zone will already be sunny and light:
In fact, the Bereshit unit will have 2-3 days until the peak of solar activity begins at the landing site:
The final Moon orbit of the Bereshit apparatus is elliptical with an apocenter of 200 km and a pericenter of 15-17 km (up to 30 km).
The speed of the Bereshit spacecraft in orbit is 1.7 km / s:
At a distance of 800 km from the landing, the landing procedures begin:
The Bereshit unit will receive a series of commands from the MCC:
The landing sensors (main and backup) will be activated:
A procedure will be initiated to change the position (orientation) of the Bereshit vehicle:
The process of stabilization and alignment before landing is very important:
By the way, there is already not much fuel left (according to estimates, about 100 kg):
After the preparatory procedures are completed before landing, the on-board computer of the Bereshit device and the MCC will be able to assess the condition of the systems and readiness for landing, if something does not work correctly, then the landing procedure will be canceled, if everything is normal, then after the start of the next the landing stage is no longer possible;
If everything goes smoothly, the Bereshit unit will begin to reduce its orbital speed and reduce the distance to the surface of the moon using the main and auxiliary engines, this procedure will take 15 minutes:
At an altitude of 5 km from the surface of the moon, the Bereshit unit will measure the distance to the surface with the help of onboard laser range finders in order to finalize the landing procedure using the current parameters, adjust the engine maneuvers and proceed to the final landing phase:
At an altitude of 1 km, a smooth alignment of the Bereshit apparatus from a horizontal position (engines forward, braking) to a vertical position (engines below, braking, stopping, falling) and further descending to 5 meters from the Moon’s surface will begin:
At a height of 5 meters from the surface of the moon, the engines of the Bereshit apparatus will shut off and it will go into free fall mode, which will last 2-3 seconds:
Landing apparatus "Bereshit" on the superficiality of the moon:
The evening of April 11, 2019 is behind the 1128 flight hours, now only 48 hours are left to work and stay in touch with the Bereshit apparatus on the lunar surface until its equipment fails.
The Bereshit unit has no thermal protection and cooling systems, the estimated operating time on the lunar surface is about two terrestrial days (three days maximum), then its electronics will fail due to overheating, communication with the apparatus will be lost, and it will become a new lunar a monument in the Sea of ​​Clarity, next to Lunokhod-2 (Luna-21 mission) and modules of the Apollo-17 mission.
About communication system:
SpaceIL does not have its own space communications center, so the organization of data transmission between the MCC on Earth and the Bereshit device in space is a complex process, which involves:
- a network of antennas of the Swedish Space Corporation (Swedish Space Corporation), thanks to which the Bereshit device transmitted navigation commands and tracked its trajectory to the Moon;
- NASA's Remote Space Network (DSN) for controlling the Bereshit device and transmitting scientific data from the device to Earth after its landing on the Moon.
DSN is a network of radio telescopes and a system of dozens of huge antennas for communication with spacecraft in deep space, it is operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
Currently, several DSN antennas are involved in the communication system with the Bereshit device.
Landing on April 11, 2019.
On April 11, 2019, the SpaceIL MCC does not overflow. Although the landing is scheduled for the evening, the interest and excitement on the part of the press and scientists, as well as all those who were involved in this project, is simply huge.
The landing time of the Bereshit device on April 11, 2019 is still being specified by engineers at the MCC (it will be updated after the flight team after the flight team makes the final calculations on Thursday morning) and will be known only on Thursday closer to dinner, but the landing has 2 milestones :
- Approximately an hour landing time window: The estimated landing time is currently scheduled between 22: 00-23: 00 Israeli time;
- 30 minute landing procedure window: The landing process will start 30 minutes before touchdown.
Closer to April 11, it was even stated that there were four landing windows between 5 AM and 6 PM local time, even the possibility of landing in the first hours of the night of April 12 was considered.
How long will the landing be in different parts of the world:
05: 00-06: 00 on Friday, April 12 in Sydney
04: 00-05: 00 on Friday, April 12 in Tokyo
02: 00-03: 00 on Friday, April 12 in Bangkok
03: 00-04: 00 on Friday, April 12 in Beijing, Hong Kong
12: 30-01: 30 on Friday, April 12 in Mumbai
22: 00-23: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in Jerusalem and Moscow
21: 00-22: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in Paris, Johannesburg, Cairo
20: 00-21: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in London, Dublin
16: 00-17: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in Rio de Janeiro
15: 00-16: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in New York
14: 00-15: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in Chicago
13: 00-14: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in Salt Lake City
12: 00-13: 00 on Thursday, April 11 in Phoenix, Los Angeles, San Francisco
As a result, in the afternoon of April 11, 2019, the SpaceIL MCC decided on the landing time:
- 22:05 Moscow time - the beginning of the landing procedure;
- 22:25 MSK - landing (the touch of all supports) on the lunar surface.
I see this for the first time (the Israel Airport Authority included on Thursday in its electronic timetable at 22:00 the Bereshit unit):
Tel Aviv Ben Gurion Airport (TLV) Online Scoreboard :
Expected temperature on the surface of the moon: from + 80 ° C to + 120 ° C.
In the PCU prepared for landing, checking the landing procedures:
Another coil around the moon and then a landing run.
Flying over the landing site:
All next turn - to land:
2 hours before landing at the SpaceIL MCC:
The mascots of engineers are also on duty at SpaceIL:
Founders of the project:
In the MCC, everything is ready:
Landing phase has begun:
The telemetry data stopped coming in, the main engine turned off and the on-board system did not have time to reboot, this problem led to a hard landing at high speed and from a height of over 150 meters to the moon due to the failure of one of the inertial orientation blocks.
Problem in one of Beresheet's inertial measurement units. Ground controllers lost telemetry.
We are still investigating. It was noted that it had been the first time that it had been observed at a distance of 4-500km / h.
It will be difficult to find a place of fall:
The last frame from the Bereshit apparatus (from a height of 8 km):
200 km to the northeast - Apollo 11 landing area:
Photo from the side camera from a height of 22 km from the surface of the moon:
Engineers do not cry:
It was possible to follow the mission “Bereshit” with the help of:
- online resource with a simulator and real-time data on the current state of the mission “Bereshit”;
- NASA online simulator " Eyes on the Solar System ".
It also turns out that there is still such an interesting portal for studying the mission “Bereshit” and monitoring the parameters of the device: “ Where is Beresheet Probe ”.
And what next?
SpaceIL planned, developed and implemented the Bereshit mission as a one-time mission, but now they plan to repeat it a couple of years more successfully.
However, IAI (Israel Aerospace Industries) plans to continue developing this lunar program, with which 30-60 kg of scientific payload can be delivered to the moon.
In addition, the IAI concern already has an agreement with the German company OHB, in which it is planned to use such spacecraft of the Bereshit type to carry out missions for the European Space Agency (ESA).
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/447198/
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