Which Linux distribution to choose?

This question is asked by any person who is just starting his acquaintance with the operating systems of the Linux family. This question was asked at the time and I.

But if in due time I needed to spend more than one day to find out for myself the answer to this question, then today newcomers are invited to pass such a simple test , as a diagnosis an issuing list of the most appropriate distributions (according to needs and abilities).

Translation is not without sin (for example, a portable PC (handheld) - read a laptop), so please come to the English version .