Hogweed Sosnowski. In MO introduced fines for distribution

On November 1, 2018, the Moscow Region, without declaring war (declared a couple of years earlier), introduced financial sanctions. Against the owners of the territories providing a springboard for the spread of the hogweed Sosnovsky . Hooray!

True, I wonder who will pay for the titanic plantation of the Hogweed between Sheremetyevo and the Aeroexpress string. A plantation that welcomes guests and residents of Moscow immediately upon arrival in the white-stone. Millions of fines grow there.

What is the hogweed Sosnovsky and why it is necessary to fight him. How to do it. How to do this is not necessary. As well as scientific and pseudoscientific facts in a boringly popular presentation.

Instead of intro (you can skip)

I have long been going to write an article on Hiktayms, however, completely about another invasive plant.
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But Giktimes has already merged with Habr, and I still "collected material." And then infopovod talk about systemic struggle with the bio-zasantsami . I honestly waited - suddenly, someone else would take upon himself the honorable mission of driving a skating rink of a nauchpop to Herkules grass. And here I am, from an ambush, with an article on the topic. But, alas, it is necessary to write horshevik himself.

Warning: I am never a nerd (in the best sense of the word). Therefore, everything in this article is a compilation of foreign sources (including non-scientific sources) and conclusions on such a shaky basis. In addition, the text will contain “jokes for 30” and traces of obscene vocabulary (neatly ephemed). I will welcome any comments, even with furious criticism, especially from professional botanists and other biologists. And if someone prefers scientific rather than entertaining style, ... then he should run away from under the kata in a panic. I warned.

Ps. Everywhere, where I don’t call the Hogweed species explicitly (for example, Hogweed ), it is meant the Hogweb of Sosnowski (and it is he, although almost everything can be projected onto the Hogweb Matengazzi , but for our country Sosnowski is more relevant)

The essence of the problem with cow parsnip

Aggressively fruitful. Growing fast. It occupies huge areas without paying rent (even in MO). Hard to destroy. Causes burns in contact with skin.

No, not so: CAUSES CHEETLY CHEMICAL BURNS WHEN CONTACTING THE SKIN.

And this is not a joke. I have two children. Naturally, I try to explain to them that you can’t touch unfamiliar plants. But, until widespread hogweed, I would not particularly soared with how seriously they take my words. I myself passed through both nettle burns and cut hands of sedge and spike injections of almost all prickly plants. This is an experience for which all children pay the price. And this price was relatively small, if you keep your eyes and do not taste the stems and roots. You can not ban the child all - you can emphasize important prohibitions. Then minor ones will be violated, and the consequences of their violations will only reinforce important prohibitions (but this is a topic for a separate article, which I do not plan to write). Therefore, to Hogshevik.

Burns from the Hogweed can easily lead to the hospital. Heal for a very long time. And most importantly - they can be obtained on the "level ground". Just run for the ball or pass the "tightrope walker" on the curb. The last "truestory". This year, on Leninsky Prospekt, there was a focal “seeding” of the hogweed Sosnovsky, and one plant grew 10 centimeters from the footpath. Slogan: "Wear sandals and find out what is PAIN."

Unfortunately, I did not plan to write an article on Hogweed and did not take pictures. And it would be worth it. Especially the epic frame, where the band of mowed grass comes to the half-harvested hogweed and stops. The worker was lucky that the day was sunny and he did not finish the plot to the end. After all, he could get on the skin, or even in the eyes, the juice from three more bushes of the hogweed.

Let me start with a fairy tale. To introduce the topic and talk about some of the features of the plant.

How hogweed in childhood offended

An absolutely unscientific tale, instead of a background story.

In the good old days, high up in the mountains, carved leaves of a mountain sun and invigorating winds put a small, but very proud green sprout into the mountain sun. He dreamed of growing tall, slim and beautiful. And I must say he did it. Nearly. After all, its growth with great interest and favor was observed by frisky mountain goats, furry sheep and locals in high fur hats. And it was worth the sprout to grow at least a little, like goats with sharp teeth, sheep with a sickly appetite, and mountaineers with daggers and bowls. And everyone gnawed, chewed, chopped and chopped into a salad its carved leaves and a tall, proud stem.

Furancoumarins (furocoumarins)

The main danger of furanocoumarin is the "two-component" poison. By itself, it is harmless (we do not take into account the probable mutagenicity of coumarins). The plant juice with furanocoumarin gets on the skin, penetrates deep into the pores and ... waits for ultraviolet irradiation. Sun, a quartz lamp of a sun deck or ordinary arc welding. UV radiation is not completely retained by the skin, so it can penetrate quite deeply. Where the furanocoumarin dug in. The latter from UV light dies in terrible physicochemical reactions. But at the same time, according to science, it emits both heat and decomposition products - chemical compounds (mainly radicals), which already damage the cells of the skin, epithelium and even muscles.

Burns are more than unpleasant (like any chemical burn) and often have burn directions “from the inside,” which makes it difficult to access for treatment. In some cases, autoimmune reactions are activated. When the site of a chemical catastrophe in the body run off to a heap of phagocytes. And, from the awareness of their own helplessness, they begin to attack cells damaged by radicals, their neighbors, and in general anyone. There are cases of damage to more than 80% of the body (it is enough to break into the bushes of a hogweed in a bathing suit), and this is a good start for death.

The same reactions occur when coumarins fall into the eyes (children make “telescopes” from the stems of the Hogweed). This is the worst case, often leading to blindness.

There are known (although I know of such cases from the press, sometimes after numerous “quoting”) cases of burns of the mucous membrane, when spitting tubes and pipes were made from a hellish umbrella. Up to lethal burns of the lungs and the digestive system occurred without the direct participation of ultraviolet radiation. Perhaps due to the inhalation of coumarins already exposed to the sun or reactions with gastric hydrochloric acid. I will be grateful if something knowledgeable will give comments about the mechanisms and real cases.

But let's go back to the most common case - the defeat of the skin. The danger is that in cloudy weather, it does not appear immediately. You can "talk" with a hogweed, walk around for a few days in ignorance, and then go to the beach, from which you can go by ambulance. And well, if it is clear that this is a chemical burn, and not "just burned in the sun." Serious burns (an area larger than a couple of centimeters) must be treated! And not sour cream with honey, and the doctor. And heal faster and complications will be much less.

Moreover, furanocoumarins are able to persist in the skin (and under it) for quite a long time. From the analysis of the comments of the victims, we can assume a normal distribution with a peak of two months. That is, with the defeat of a large amount of juice, a certain amount of coumarins are likely to remain in the organization for as long as two months. In sufficient quantity to cause new burns or redness. Some eyewitnesses claim that skin reactions persisted for six months or longer.

It is clear that only for the use of furanocoumarins, the cowberry Sosnowski must be burned in hell, totally disintegrated or multiplied by zero in any other way. Even in the area of ​​original growth. But there are some difficulties with this. Moreover, I would say: Houston has problems.

How to destroy the hogweed

For any invasive species, the following properties are needed: mass reproduction, a wide range of growing areas, the absence of natural enemies and ... the complexity of human destruction. All this is present in surplus of the hogweed Sosnovsky.

Hogweed breeds well - of course, one plant does not always have 70K seeds (as is often mentioned) - on average six times less. But this is quite enough. Most of the seeds fall off near the mother plant, but some scatter a decent distance, due to low weight and good aerodynamics. They are also unimpededly carried by animals, people, and cars (on wheels).

In the experiments of British scientists, about 89% of seeds germinated in suitable conditions. And there are lots of places with suitable conditions for the Hogweed, a fairly unblooded soil (he does not like wet soils). And on poor and even trampled soils, the hogweed grows well. It is not by chance that his victorious spread went along the roadsides. There was an air corridor for seed distribution, and there were no competitors capable of stifling young growth. And with all the other problems, the Hogweed Sosnovsky copes very well.

Why am I doing this? And the fact that one underdeveloped plant can very quickly infect the region "back."

About pests

As I said, the prehistoric weevil is shamefully extinct, and the horschwort mole is hilovata (so sickly that it didn’t even get into Wikipedia). Plus, after the beloved hogweed, she eats up to zero a practically harmless common hogweed and snapped up with hunger on poor dill and carrots. And if you can survive the last ... This is what pleases too many moths to guarantee the destruction of the hogweed, I am not happy.

So, there is only one pest hogweed - man. But he is not so easy to withdraw the invader.

Ways of destruction

Attention! Any experiments on the destruction and study of the parsnip of Sosnowski should be carried out in protective clothing not directly adjacent to the body. And, of course, in protective glasses . Protective - it is not fashionable glasses, droplets. At a minimum, the eyes should be completely blocked. Unfortunately, I did not find information on how to disinfect clothes from juice. There is an assumption that the coumarins themselves quickly decompose when dried. Or rather, when dry, cannot penetrate the skin. But I would not grab hold of clothes with fresh juice with my bare hands and other parts of the body.

If the juice gets on the skin and especially the eyes, cover the affected area from the sun and rinse as quickly as possible with plenty of water. Preferably not in the sun. You can use the fact that the glass lets out a little UV and rinse indoors or car. At least find a tight shadow for this. After washing again isolate the affected area from the sun.

Mowing-mowing

The most inefficient and, of course, the most common way is mowing. Even daily thorough mowing is ineffective. Hogweed climbs and climbs. In addition, the lower rosettes of leaves are located very close to the ground and it is not so easy to get them with a mower. However, after 6–10 mowing, the hogweed can surrender. If not entered the flowering phase. Or maybe not. I conducted mini experiments with trampling down the reptile. Success is variable.

In addition, mowing biennial plants (high reptiles), we open the way for the seeds lying in the ground. Who could not survive under the leaves of adult plants, almost completely isolating the soil from the sun.

Digging up

It is better to combine a braid and a shovel. After mowing, dig 10–15 centimeters, sharpening the apex of the root with sleeping buds. Chopped up should be removed and beaten or burned. I do not know whether the dug up hogweed can be reborn, but it is better not to risk it. Any NF lover will confirm.

Mowing +

According to reviews of the Internet specialists in the fight against hogger, after mowing a portion of vinegar in the hollow stem tube works perfectly. Greater concentration does not require 7–10% of vinegar enough for the aggressor to falsely root in wild agony. And the root was deliciously marinated right in the ground. I am inclined to consider this method as reliable.

Also in the Internet it is recommended to pour kerosene and crude oil into the stem tube. But this would not advise. Such recipes are mostly given by very sophisticated and experienced people writing with aplomb and errors. Yes, and in modern times, vinegar is cheaper and more environmentally friendly.

It is also possible to leap glyphosate into the tube - about glyphosate is somewhat lower.

Exploits or lifehacks

If you want to be confused, you can use exploits in the behavior of a hogweed. > 99% instances of hogweed fruit only once. It can be used. The easiest way: cut off all the "brooms", except for one. And the last to be determined in advance in a tied package, from which the seeds cannot get out ... And the plant will end its life in full confidence that it has not lived in vain. A big mistake on the part of hell parsley (unless, of course, remember to burn the bag and spill the seeds). Also, in order not to rummage through the thickets of a burning reptile with a ladder, it is recommended to pre-cut the stem at a height of up to a meter, just above the joint of the "joints". Then new panicles will be at a convenient height for sabotage. But it scares me 1% hogweed, which is not a monocarpic. Those. able to bloom and bear fruit more than once. Did hogweed start to suspect something?

Agrotechnics

On an industrial scale helps disking. That is, plowing, with the simultaneous grinding of plowed special agricultural technology. Strength and dormant buds in the reptile at the root, and shredding works magically. By the way, in the stems and roots of the Hogweed a little less than a fig of useful organic matter - therefore disking also fertilizes the earth (though there is probably still a lot of sleeping seeds in it, so it is possible that we fertilize the earth with the Hogweed for the Hogweed).

Hogweed is also weak to germinate through the earth. But it seems to me that raising the ground by 20-30 centimeters is a little expensive.

You can also block access to the sun. Strange as it may seem, a hogweed plant fails to pick up the usual dense black film on the stems, let alone sprout through it, and for growth it needs a lot of sun.

Another often mentioned is the mythical thunder machine. Which travels across the field and with a crash and a reconciliation disintegrates the seeds of the Hogweed by an electromagnetic field. I would like proofs and statistics. I haven't found anything. Apparently, by its laziness .

Flooding of the territory

In the Baltics, the hogweed has gotten so much that they are flooded against it for 48+ days.Weed does not like waterlogged soil and leaves in frustration. Seeds are not good either. For me, somehow expensive.

Expel sabzh to frost

Pass the successful experiments on the freezing of hogweed with all its seeds. Under the snow layer, even in the harsh Siberian winter, the temperature of the earth is not positive, but very close to zero. Where the hogweed root sleeps sweetly, and its seeds happily stratify.

But if the snow disappears suddenly, the hogweed will understand the difference between the Russian frost and the mild mountain winter, where the snow is purely nominal. And he will have to understand quickly, at the same time remembering his entire (un) past life.

It is also a difficult and costly way, but not bad mechanized.

Glyphosate. Systemic herbicide

If I ask what is worse hogweed or glyphosate , I find it difficult to answer. The harm of the Hogweed is proven and known. Glyphosate (aka RoundAp, Tornado, etc.) seems to be absent. More precisely, reasonable attempts to prove his harm are drowning in expert opinions about the harmlessness of the herbicide. And ... in the frantic experiments of "opponents of glyphosate." Explicitly fake and biased. It seems to me alone that this “zhu-zhu-zhu” is not for nothing, but is it paid by someone?

However, glyphosate is banned (or was banned) in some European countries, but not in the US. Including, because they have their hogric-relief there: Fallopia (Reitnuria) Japanesewhich though does not burn, but in terms of growth rate and problems with breeding, it makes the hogweed like a puppy. But glyphosate does not like, which is almost its only useful property.

Plus glyphosate is that it is very effective against fast-growing plants. They are hostages of their strategy. No growth, and the plant does not know what to do. So it perishes in confusion. Some sources say that it is enough to spray the hogweed leaves and megastores with glyphosate once, most likely, will move falsely.the roots. It is necessary to spray in the spring, until the flowers and seeds are tied. Seeds are capable of ripening on a poisoned and even completely killed plant. In more serious sources it is advised to spray twice with a break, be sure to double or triple concentration. To be sure. And so as not to give the weed affected by glyphosate a chance to give offspring. Suddenly, it will be able to mutate into glyphosatase resistant (some types of weeds already perfectly put their pistils and stamens on glyphosate, although they only dried out on the way before).

I am for glyphosate ... as long as they are treated with something that is guaranteed to not get into my food, even in the second iteration. I do not intend to eat a hogweed and animals that ate a hogweed of Sosnovsky. The first is ineffective in terms of fighting cow parsnip, the second is even more inefficient. But this is just my personal opinion.

Bio weapons. Pests.

You should not make a bet on a borshevich mole. Yes, it consumes the hogweed reliably, and you can score carrots and parsley for problems. The difficulty is different - you can get rid of the found enclave of the Hogweed and not so costly methods (imagine, it costs money to produce a mole in industrial quantities). The problem is in single bushes, which the mole may not find or "leave for later." And it turns out that the costly operation will provide only temporary relief. And the mole will also have to deduce for the sake of healthy crops. To produce the mole specifically for each bush ... Simply shovel it (just not in the hands of children).

Bio weapons. Competitors

But competing plants that can prevent the Hogweed from growing after eradication, or simply displace it from the occupied area. The bestereless kosteret and the kozlyatnik oriental quickly grow on the places of the former glory of the Hogweed and do not allow the young shoots of the pest to raise the stem. By the way, both plants themselves go well for livestock feed.

And then there is the Jerusalem artichoke! This tasty and healthy root vegetable itself is still an invasive species and malignant weed. But it can not only replace the hogweed of Sosnovsky, but also oust him (only meledeeeeenno). But sometimes it seems from the reports that it is enough to throw a few tubers into the bush of the Hogweed and you can go and smoke bamboo ... And get ready to fight with Jerusalem artichoke after a couple of years (for which I bought, I sell for that). Methods of studying topinambur are known from Wikipedia: it is necessary to dig up its thicket in late spring - early summer, during the period before the formation of young tubers. If this does not help, then Jerusalem artichoke, at least, does not cause burns and blooms beautifully.

Ps.Here and arheops hints in the comments that with Jerusalem artichoke is not so good and simple.

Patience

You will need it. If you entered the war with a green reptile, then do not expect a quick victory. Where one seed of the hogweed has sprouted, one more can sleep and wait for its turn. And can sleep like a fairy tale, seven years. If the hogweed managed to grow and lose seeds, then this is ... a challenge. Within a radius of several meters from the fruited plant is more than 9K seeds. And many more scattered around the wind and overly confident birds in the area (the birds are sacredly sure that they can digest the seeds). It will seem to you: whatever you do, the hogweed grows. But often it is just that new seeds sprout. However, in the comments there are motivating stories that the hogweed is not as invulnerable as it seems to him.

Children

No, I'm not talking about a clinical case, when children in Komi were given shovels and sent to fight with cow parsnip. With the Hogweed no one should fight (for war means mutual sacrifices). It must be systematically destroyed, eliminating all risks to their own health. And adults should do this. They should teach children how to recognize Hogweed, including at the "larval" stage. And to report on the found zaslatets adults. Who will come with a bucket and a shovel and explain their misconceptions with undesirable umbrellas. In neighboring Belarus, judging by the video - it works fine. Again, the children, having trained on the Hogweed, will learn, without touching their hands, to inform adults about all the potentially dangerous things. Be it a bare wire, smoke from a manhole, or a “forgotten package.” And hogsheviku hide from the omnipresent children oh how difficult, even in a not particularly populated area.

Volunteers

In the comments to the article there are caring people maria_yurievna_popova , mikelavr . I also will not pass by the hogweed with tools and the ability to podkuzmit it. The big road begins with a small step, yes? )

Toad

I think the toad is the most effective way. And I am very glad that he is legally enshrined in the MO. Now, to work out the mechanisms of execution and the happy owners of hogweed on their plots would be less happy. For the toad will press them day and night.

Therefore - all of the above methods for the destruction of hell parsley will be used. And Horshevik will receive the honored northern fox (at least in areas that have an owner, or at least the owner can be found or appointed). Who will pay for the banquet in the boundary and "orphan" territories is not mentioned in the law. But I hope that in time everything will be clearly defined. And there will be people who sincerely believe that the hogweed should not grow for free, who have the right to issue fines. Plus will be allocated phones (and / or more modern channels) for which you can hit. To a neighbor, to a best friend, to a district attorney or a favorite school teacher, if they “tame” a hogweed on their sites.

Politicians

I will be happy to support the voice of deputies / mayors / governors / presidents / secretaries of the UN, raising the problem of invasive species (as well as other eco-problems). If, after the elections, they really will do something sane, they will “buy” me with giblets. Seriously and for a long time.

The bright side of power

On the Internet, there is a custom: haip on anti-scratch. If everyone starts to "wet" hogweed, then we must explain how they are wrong. I will give the arguments for the hogweed, on HYIP for the sake of, but rather to create the appearance of objectivity. For not objective. I have children and had burns (I, not children).

Oxygen production

Oddly hellish grass - a plant. And plants tend to produce oxygen in exchange for greenhouse effect drivers (I’m talking about COx). And considering how much we have Hogweed Sosnowski, and how much carbon dioxide he needs for growth ... It’s just a pity to destroy the reptile. And Europe can raise high - we want to deprive of its oxygen. Moreover, this is all in the era of industrial cutting down of the Amazon delta. In general, there is an idea to send Sosnovsky to Brazil just to that very delta. So that it produces oxygen instead of felled. But at the same time he limited the desire of the Humans to take a walk there with a chainsaw, but without OZK. Well, it was a joke. Let's get a little more serious.

Soil enrichment

Megasales is able to grow on very poor soils, saturating them with organic matter. While he is doing this for his own offspring, but if somehow to dodge ... The return of the developed lands to the crop rotation is more than real. It would be that sow and plant.

Honey

From a giant umbrella giant honey collection. Hogweed is one of the most effective honey plants (per unit area) with a great season. True, the pollen of cow parsnip, Sosnowski, is allergic and contains those coumarins. And the pollen goes into honey unhindered. But, either the bees know how to cook it, or the honey mafia carefully hides something ... I did not find any mention of honey poisoning from the hogweed. On the other hand, it is unlikely that they write honey borschivichny on packages. Therefore, it seems dumb to buy honey not only “meadow”, but also “buckwheat”. You never know there in a meadow or in Greek grew. I hope that the beekeepers and the honeymooners will run into the comments and calm everyone down. Except me. I do not care. I just do not like honey and rarely eat.

Ps.Hogshchevichny honey on the Internet seems to be very tasty and rare (because “bees are dying for nectar”). At the same time, it is a great immunostimulant, which expels all diseases (at the same time, it is rare to specify the kind of hogweed from which honey is taken). An alternative view that the taste and consistency of honey from Sosnovsky's Hogweed is identical to that of silicate glue. Also, the beekeeper was amused by asking for hogweed seeds to plant "on unowned lands nearby." I do not give references, because the opinions are very polar - everything is in Google.

Biofuels

The green mass of the hogweed Sosnovsky gives record volumes per hectare. And it contains not only furanocoumarins, but a lot of sugar - 3% per lap, and more than 10 from the root. Well, all sorts of carbohydrates and vitamins. That is, tops can be both used in a bioreactor for methane, and from the root it is joyful to drive a clean product. Furanocoumarins from high temperatures decompose into "mold and lime honey" (not tested), and the same other harmless compounds. And even if they do not decompose to the end, it will not stop everyone. But even here you can find a positive effect - drunken men not only do not swear at the sun, but also open their mouths rarely and carefully. The same that is not drunk in the production process, it is possible to knit with oil, pressed from the same hogweed, to biodiesel.

Cattle feed

How, again on tezhe rake? Not really.In the silo coumarins are perfectly stored and delivered. But in herbal flour - no. Drying finely chopped cow parsnip at an elevated temperature preserves vitamins and nutrients, but kumarin kills. It is clear that here it is necessary to bother, and not just shove Sosnovsky into a silo pit. But the good news may be that you can dry a chopped erector on the fuel from him. Such a great horror movie for cowberry. I am for"!

Extraction of furanocoumarins

It turns out this is a valuable raw material for the cosmetics industry. The same cream for tanning - it is carefully diluted coumarin. The problem is that the current supply of furanocoumarins in existing hogweed significantly exceeds the need for artificial, and even uneven tan.

The fight against drugs

Throw hogweed seeds in the Chuy valley, sit down next to the hemp thickets. And to bite over the collectors of "plasticine", running naked in the hemp thickets and ... hogweed. Under the bright sun of Kazakhstan.

But still

All these Napoleonic plans (except for the last) break under the ease with which the hogweed Sosnovsky “escapes” from the culture. Therefore, the word for geneticists and breeders. I am here only for GMB (genetically modified hogweed, my typo). The front of works is large and appreciative, grants again can be tightened:

• Hogweed without coumarins (even if it escapes from the culture, without poison it can be taken with bare hands and an ordinary spade with a bayonet)
• sterile hybrid (giving seeds that are not destined to germinate due to close and long-range crosses of parents)
• You can use the genetic mechanism of "protection from the weevil", only to replace it with some almost constant condition, for example: sprout, if false.

In the meantime, OZK, shovel, glyphosate and Jerusalem artichoke with goat's goat.

All in the fight against invasive evil!

Useful links:

• Wikipedia: Hogweed Sosnowski
• The site is dedicated to the fight with cow parsnip and many useful links . What is captivating - a scientific approach to the methods of struggle
• Hogweed distribution map
• How to distinguish the hogweed Sosnovsky from the hogweed Siberian. It is a pity that in the article further destruction methods are fundamentally different from my article (and on comments to it)
• Excellent selection of articles
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• Used images from Pixabay.com, authors: ivabalk , YvonneH , ThiloBecker