Brain implant is able to automatically adjust the level of dopamine

Researchers from Illinois State University have created a chip implanted in the brain that can automatically measure the level of dopamine in the body and give the command to produce an additional dose if the level is below a predetermined level. Tested in mice so far, in the long run, an implant can make life much easier for people with diseases associated with insufficient production of neurotransmitters .

Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters, substances through which the transmission of an electrical impulse from a nerve cell through the synaptic space between neurons, as well as, for example, from neurons to muscle tissue. It is one of the chemical factors of internal reinforcement and serves as an important part of the " reward system " of the brain, because it causes a feeling of pleasure (or satisfaction), what affects the processes of motivation and learning.

Previously it was thought that dopamine is the main chemical associated with pleasure. However, recent experiments have shown that he participates in learning by trial and error, working out when waiting for a result is justified by his onset.
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Dopamine plays an important role in ensuring cognitive activity. Its lack of transmission leads to increased inertia. Such disorders are typical symptoms, such as Parkinson's disease.

Unlike analog implants, which measure the passage of nerve signals to assess the amount of dopamine in the body, the new chip directly measures the concentration of a chemical. The chip operates on the principle of a thermostat, which measures the temperature, and in case of deviation, turns the heating on or off.

Now patients are prescribed medications that increase the level of neurotransmitters, however, constant monitoring of this level and the use of the appropriate dose is associated with certain difficulties. Using automation will eliminate these problems.

The chip uses a carbon fiber electrode to measure pH and dopamine levels. When its level drops below the critical level, it sends an electrical impulse to the desired cells, stimulating production. The creators of the device claim that it can be programmed to work not only with dopamine, but also with other neurotransmitters.

Among the problems that need to be addressed are the power supply for the chip and the circumvention of the difficulties associated with the rejection of implants by the body.