Scientists from the Feinstein Medical Research Institute
used a modified MakerBot 3D printer to print human cartilage in order to repair tracheal damage. Scientists have printed a polylactic acid frame with cartilage cells and collagen. The cells survived the printing process and formed a trachea suitable for transplantation.

Damage to the trachea can be caused by cancer, other diseases or trauma. The trachea can be restored in two ways: pull the damaged segments together and sew them, or take cartilage from another part of the body to replace the missing tissue. According
to one of the doctors, every year at least one patient comes to the North Shore-LIJ Health System, to whom none of the indicated treatments is suitable. The researchers decided to find a third solution, for which they used the experimental MakerBot Replicator 2X 3D printer.
The printer can print a polylactic acid skeleton, a biopolymer used in surgical implants. A team of scientists modified the printer to print live cells on top of the frame. A mixture of healthy cartilage cells and collagen took the form of a trachea that can be implanted into a patient. Cells survived the printing process and continued to grow, as in the human body.
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3D printing is
used in medicine to create bones, including vertebrae, scapulae, hip bones, parts of the skull. Doctors use 3D-models of their patients to prepare for operations, sometimes this method allows you to
save the vision or even the life of a person, as it was with a 12-year-old girl who survived the removal of an inoperable tumor.
