What does the Earth look like from space?
April 22 is the International Earth Day - an annual event during which it is customary to draw attention to environmental protection. Let's take a look at our planet from different parts of the Solar System and see how fragile and small our world is: the first picture from this list is the flag of this holiday and was made by the only scientist who visited the Moon - Harrison Schmitt , on December 7, 1972 when sending “Apollo- 17 "from Earth's orbit. He even got his own name: "Blue Marble . "
The first photograph of the Earth from space (altitude 105 km) taken from the V-2 rocket. October 24, 1946 in New Mexico, USA.
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Yuri Gagarin did not shoot in his historic flight, but only described what he had seen and broadcast on radio. Therefore, the title of the first "space photographer" went to astronaut Alan Shepard , who made the first suborbital flight for the USA on May 5, 1961 from Cape Canaveral.
German Titov on August 6, 1961, not only became the second man in Earth orbit, but also the second space photographer. He also still holds the title of the youngest man in space: at the time of the flight he was 25 years and 11 months.
The first color image of the entire Earth was received in August 1967 by the DODGE satellite.
In 2012 and 2016, using the Suomi NPP meteorological satellite, night shots of the earth's surface were made, from which NASA later composed a mosaic called the “Black Marble”. The pictures clearly show how the night illumination of India has grown over 4 years.
Also, many beautiful pictures of the Earth are made by people from the ISS. For example, the rising of the Moon, Venus and the Sun over the Aurora borealis, taken in May 2017 by astronaut Thomas Peske :
In addition to the "Blue Marble", astronauts flying to the Moon received another famous picture - this is the "Earth Rising" made on December 24, 1968 by William Anders of the Apollo 8 crew who were the first to fly around the Moon.
On April 5, 2008, the satellite of the moon "Kaguya" of the Japanese space agency JAXA video of the same nature was shot on a camera with a CCD matrix of only 2.2 megapixels.
On May 21, 2018, along with the Chinese satellite transponder Chang'e-4, two small Longjiang-1 and -2 weighing 45 kg each went to the Moon. The first of them lost contact and had to cancel their radio interferometry mission with a super-long base. However, Longjiang-2 remained working and was able to transfer this and several other images of the Earth from the lunar orbit made on a camera made in Saudi Arabia.
On July 5, 2016, the DSCOVR satellite located at Lagrange point L1 (1.5 million km from the Earth towards the Sun), the Moon was traversed across the earth's disk.
A combined image of the Earth and the Moon, taken on October 2, 2017 from a distance of 5 million km using the MapCam camera of the OSIRIS-REx probe designed to deliver soil from the Bennu asteroid.
On September 18, 1977, Voyager-1 took the first joint image of the Earth and the Moon from a distance of 11.66 million km during the inspection of its cameras.
This is again OSIRIS-REx, but already on January 17, 2018, the NavCam1 camera and a distance of 63.6 million km.
On May 6, 2010, the MESSENGER probe took a picture of the Earth and the Moon from the orbit of Mercury (183 million km distance) where our planet and its natural satellite look just like two bright stars.
The resolution of the HiRISE MRO probe in Martian orbit (distance 142 million km) is much higher, but even on it the Earth and the Moon look like small balls with a diameter of 90 and 24 pixels, respectively. The picture was taken on October 3, 2007.
On December 10, 2017, the Earth accidentally got into the frame of the Kepler telescope looking for an exoplanet, and thus lit up the picture, despite the distance of 150 million km.
Already from the surface of Mars, the rover Curiosity Earth and the Moon are visible as two small points - this picture was taken on January 31, 2014 from a distance of about 160 million km.
On December 16, 1992, a general snapshot of the Earth and the Moon made the Galileo probe purple, red and near-infrared during its departure to Jupiter (distance 6.2 million km).
On July 19, 2013, the Cassini probe made 323 snapshots of the Saturn system on the basis of 141 of which a mosaic was made on which, besides Saturn and its satellites, a small point is visible - our Earth.
Together with this snapshot, NASA organized the action “Wave Saturn” during which 1600 pictures of volunteers were taken, from which the collage “The day when the Earth smiled” was made like a general picture:
Finally, the furthest snapshot of the Earth is the “Pale Blue Dot” taken on February 14, 1990 by Voyager 1 from a distance of 6.4 billion km (this distance corresponds to the orbit of Pluto recently degraded from the planets). The angular resolution of the narrow-angle Voyager cameras from such a distance was 9 earth diameters per pixel. The moon in the photo is also there, but it is completely indistinguishable - even the Earth can be seen on it with difficulty against the background of the glare of the Sun.
As Karl Sagan put it, thanks to which this photo came into being:
Some indicate that astronautics distracts our attention and money from the problems of the Earth, but the well-known astrophysicist Neil DeGrasse Tyson never ceases to repeat:
The advent of astronautics and flights to the moon is connected with the appearance of: International Earth Day, the banning of tetraethyl lead as fuel additives and the introduction of catalytic converters, the emergence of an environmental protection agency in the United States and acts of protecting water and air . climate - it is precisely the cosmonautics that showed us the insignificance of the size of the Earth on the scale of space, in fact, we owe such interest to it.
The first photograph of the Earth from space (altitude 105 km) taken from the V-2 rocket. October 24, 1946 in New Mexico, USA.
')
Yuri Gagarin did not shoot in his historic flight, but only described what he had seen and broadcast on radio. Therefore, the title of the first "space photographer" went to astronaut Alan Shepard , who made the first suborbital flight for the USA on May 5, 1961 from Cape Canaveral.
German Titov on August 6, 1961, not only became the second man in Earth orbit, but also the second space photographer. He also still holds the title of the youngest man in space: at the time of the flight he was 25 years and 11 months.
The first color image of the entire Earth was received in August 1967 by the DODGE satellite.
In 2012 and 2016, using the Suomi NPP meteorological satellite, night shots of the earth's surface were made, from which NASA later composed a mosaic called the “Black Marble”. The pictures clearly show how the night illumination of India has grown over 4 years.
Also, many beautiful pictures of the Earth are made by people from the ISS. For example, the rising of the Moon, Venus and the Sun over the Aurora borealis, taken in May 2017 by astronaut Thomas Peske :
In addition to the "Blue Marble", astronauts flying to the Moon received another famous picture - this is the "Earth Rising" made on December 24, 1968 by William Anders of the Apollo 8 crew who were the first to fly around the Moon.
On April 5, 2008, the satellite of the moon "Kaguya" of the Japanese space agency JAXA video of the same nature was shot on a camera with a CCD matrix of only 2.2 megapixels.
On May 21, 2018, along with the Chinese satellite transponder Chang'e-4, two small Longjiang-1 and -2 weighing 45 kg each went to the Moon. The first of them lost contact and had to cancel their radio interferometry mission with a super-long base. However, Longjiang-2 remained working and was able to transfer this and several other images of the Earth from the lunar orbit made on a camera made in Saudi Arabia.
On July 5, 2016, the DSCOVR satellite located at Lagrange point L1 (1.5 million km from the Earth towards the Sun), the Moon was traversed across the earth's disk.
A combined image of the Earth and the Moon, taken on October 2, 2017 from a distance of 5 million km using the MapCam camera of the OSIRIS-REx probe designed to deliver soil from the Bennu asteroid.
On September 18, 1977, Voyager-1 took the first joint image of the Earth and the Moon from a distance of 11.66 million km during the inspection of its cameras.
This is again OSIRIS-REx, but already on January 17, 2018, the NavCam1 camera and a distance of 63.6 million km.
On May 6, 2010, the MESSENGER probe took a picture of the Earth and the Moon from the orbit of Mercury (183 million km distance) where our planet and its natural satellite look just like two bright stars.
The resolution of the HiRISE MRO probe in Martian orbit (distance 142 million km) is much higher, but even on it the Earth and the Moon look like small balls with a diameter of 90 and 24 pixels, respectively. The picture was taken on October 3, 2007.
On December 10, 2017, the Earth accidentally got into the frame of the Kepler telescope looking for an exoplanet, and thus lit up the picture, despite the distance of 150 million km.
Already from the surface of Mars, the rover Curiosity Earth and the Moon are visible as two small points - this picture was taken on January 31, 2014 from a distance of about 160 million km.
On December 16, 1992, a general snapshot of the Earth and the Moon made the Galileo probe purple, red and near-infrared during its departure to Jupiter (distance 6.2 million km).
On July 19, 2013, the Cassini probe made 323 snapshots of the Saturn system on the basis of 141 of which a mosaic was made on which, besides Saturn and its satellites, a small point is visible - our Earth.
Together with this snapshot, NASA organized the action “Wave Saturn” during which 1600 pictures of volunteers were taken, from which the collage “The day when the Earth smiled” was made like a general picture:
Finally, the furthest snapshot of the Earth is the “Pale Blue Dot” taken on February 14, 1990 by Voyager 1 from a distance of 6.4 billion km (this distance corresponds to the orbit of Pluto recently degraded from the planets). The angular resolution of the narrow-angle Voyager cameras from such a distance was 9 earth diameters per pixel. The moon in the photo is also there, but it is completely indistinguishable - even the Earth can be seen on it with difficulty against the background of the glare of the Sun.
As Karl Sagan put it, thanks to which this photo came into being:
Our planet is just a single speck of dust in the surrounding cosmic darkness. In this great emptiness there is not a hint that someone will come to our aid in order to save us from ourselves.
It seems to me that she emphasizes our responsibility, our duty to be kinder to each other, to keep and cherish the pale blue dot — our only home.
Some indicate that astronautics distracts our attention and money from the problems of the Earth, but the well-known astrophysicist Neil DeGrasse Tyson never ceases to repeat:
Just having gone to the Moon for her research, we looked back and found the Earth for the first time.
The advent of astronautics and flights to the moon is connected with the appearance of: International Earth Day, the banning of tetraethyl lead as fuel additives and the introduction of catalytic converters, the emergence of an environmental protection agency in the United States and acts of protecting water and air . climate - it is precisely the cosmonautics that showed us the insignificance of the size of the Earth on the scale of space, in fact, we owe such interest to it.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/374403/
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