Winter or summer time? What math and astronomy say
In the summer of 2011 in Russia, the regular transfer of the clock hands was canceled. At the same time, the authorities were faced with the question - what time should be fixed as permanent - summer time (zone +2 hours) or winter time (zone +1 hour). In 2011, the first option was chosen, but it did not last long, and in the fall of 2014, constant winter time was established.
There are many different arguments in defense of one or another option - health, number of accidents, crime, etc., but in this post I want to approach this issue from the point of view of the two most exact sciences - mathematics and astronomy.
Let's calculate how many light and dark hours are accounted for by residents of the 3 largest cities of the Russian Federation for the 3 most common wakefulness modes. This is where the calculation method developed by x-romix will help us, and we will take as a basis the tables of actual sunrise and sunset for the 2013th (permanent summer) and 2015 (constant winter) years. This also has a plus - the time of sunrise and sunset, in contrast to the statistics on the number of robberies or ambulance calls, cannot be disputed.
We will take the traditional cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg as cities, while Volgograd will be the third million-plus city, which, due to its position in the south-east of the Moscow time zone, is most affected by the changes. We will take the wakefulness modes from the option “woke up at 6, went to sleep at 22” for people like schoolchildren and government employees, until the option “woke up at 8, went to sleep at midnight” - for office workers with regime 10-19.
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The number of hours of artificial lighting for different waking modes:
Since the main (and probably the only) complaint about the constant daylight saving time was the need to wake up before dawn, we also calculate the number of "dark" awakenings - the rise at a time when the sun had not yet risen:
Conclusions: According to arithmetic calculations, the total time of solar lighting with a constant "winter" time will be reduced for the vast majority of the population, although it will affect everyone differently. A schoolboy from St. Petersburg will lose only 45 hours, while as an office worker from Volgograd, who starts working at 10, will suffer the most, having lost 305 hours of sunlight a year. That is, the later (hello, owls) a person gets up, the more he will suffer from the 2014 hourly reform.
Constant winter time will give more light morning hours - the least of them in St. Petersburg, but they will also have a small gain of about 20%.
But Volgograd because of its southern position and early dawn in the morning will benefit much more - owls (awake from 8:00) will not have any situations when you have to get up before sunrise.
Another interesting observation is that, regardless of the city and the daily routine, there is at times more sunlight in the morning than in the evening.
It is obvious that a significant part of the population will not be satisfied with the new time zone regime, which will be especially noticeable in summer, when there is no gain due to the morning hours, but there are only losses in the evening. Therefore, I think the changes in the time calculation of 2014 are far from the last in the history of our country. However, an alternative to the next transfer of the shooter could be the transfer of the operation mode of enterprises to earlier hours.
- In the first version of the article incorrect data was given in Moscow for 2013, now everything is fixed.
There are many different arguments in defense of one or another option - health, number of accidents, crime, etc., but in this post I want to approach this issue from the point of view of the two most exact sciences - mathematics and astronomy.
Let's calculate how many light and dark hours are accounted for by residents of the 3 largest cities of the Russian Federation for the 3 most common wakefulness modes. This is where the calculation method developed by x-romix will help us, and we will take as a basis the tables of actual sunrise and sunset for the 2013th (permanent summer) and 2015 (constant winter) years. This also has a plus - the time of sunrise and sunset, in contrast to the statistics on the number of robberies or ambulance calls, cannot be disputed.
We will take the traditional cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg as cities, while Volgograd will be the third million-plus city, which, due to its position in the south-east of the Moscow time zone, is most affected by the changes. We will take the wakefulness modes from the option “woke up at 6, went to sleep at 22” for people like schoolchildren and government employees, until the option “woke up at 8, went to sleep at midnight” - for office workers with regime 10-19.
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The number of hours of artificial lighting for different waking modes:
| from 6 to 22 | from 7 to 23 | from 8 to 24 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moscow 2013) | 86558 | 94370 | 105990 |
| Moscow (2015) | 94348 | 105960 | 120762 |
| Moscow (difference h.) | 130 | 193 | 246 |
| St. Petersburg (2013) | 90067 | 93000 | 102443 |
| SPb (2015) | 92983 | 102412 | 115372 |
| St. Petersburg (difference h.) | 49 | 157 | 215 |
| Volgograd (2013) | 86800 | 96209 | 109831 |
| Volgograd (2015) | 96179 | 109790 | 128108 |
| Volgograd (difference h.) | 156 | 226 | 305 |
Since the main (and probably the only) complaint about the constant daylight saving time was the need to wake up before dawn, we also calculate the number of "dark" awakenings - the rise at a time when the sun had not yet risen:
| from 6 to 22 | from 7 to 23 | from 8 to 24 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moscow 2013) | 254 | 198 | 145 |
| Moscow (2015) | 198 | 145 | 91 |
| Moscow (difference) | 56 | 53 | 54 |
| St. Petersburg (2013) | 262 | 217 | 172 |
| SPb (2015) | 217 | 171 | 127 |
| St. Petersburg (difference) | 45 | 46 | 45 |
| Volgograd (2013) | 244 | 173 | 103 |
| Volgograd (2015) | 172 | 104 | 0 |
| Volgograd (difference) | 72 | 69 | 103 |
Conclusions: According to arithmetic calculations, the total time of solar lighting with a constant "winter" time will be reduced for the vast majority of the population, although it will affect everyone differently. A schoolboy from St. Petersburg will lose only 45 hours, while as an office worker from Volgograd, who starts working at 10, will suffer the most, having lost 305 hours of sunlight a year. That is, the later (hello, owls) a person gets up, the more he will suffer from the 2014 hourly reform.
Constant winter time will give more light morning hours - the least of them in St. Petersburg, but they will also have a small gain of about 20%.
But Volgograd because of its southern position and early dawn in the morning will benefit much more - owls (awake from 8:00) will not have any situations when you have to get up before sunrise.
Another interesting observation is that, regardless of the city and the daily routine, there is at times more sunlight in the morning than in the evening.
It is obvious that a significant part of the population will not be satisfied with the new time zone regime, which will be especially noticeable in summer, when there is no gain due to the morning hours, but there are only losses in the evening. Therefore, I think the changes in the time calculation of 2014 are far from the last in the history of our country. However, an alternative to the next transfer of the shooter could be the transfer of the operation mode of enterprises to earlier hours.
- In the first version of the article incorrect data was given in Moscow for 2013, now everything is fixed.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/364661/
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