The use of sensors in the development of the robot
The robot receives information from the external environment through sensors. By analogy with a living organism, these are the sense organs. By analogy with a personal computer - input devices. The choice of sensors for use in the development of the robot is a separate stage. I will tell briefly about their types and purpose in this article.
Collision sensors
It is basically a simple button to open / close. Very simple implementation and ease of connection of this type of sensor, available to novice developers. When used with microcontrollers, it requires delayed processing to filter the effect of contact bounce (describe separately).
')
Tilt sensors
Used in robots, where the slope must be controlled accordingly, to maintain balance and to avoid the model turning over on an uneven surface (for example, mountains). There are both analog and digital interfaces. The result is the value of the degree of inclination.
Optical sensors
In this type of sensor uses the physical properties of the semiconductor under the influence of light. The photoresistor changes the resistance, we have the result of the degree of illumination. A photodiode, unlike a photoresistor, has a faster response time. The reflection sensor (emitter and receiver) allows you to determine the white or black areas on the surface, which allows it to move along the drawn line or determine the proximity of the obstacle. This includes pyroelectric sensors that can detect and measure the heat emanating from fire, humans or animals, thanks to infrared radiation.
Camcorders
This type of sensor today is beginning to be used very well thanks to the growth of technologies in the field of image processing. You could add them to optical sensors, but I considered it a separate type because of the complexity and wealth of possibilities. These are the real eyes of a robot. There are enough applications for him: authorization systems, pattern recognition, motion detection, etc.
Sound sensors
This is speech recognition (a semi-solved problem today, it requires significant resources for processing and analysis) or just the frequencies of sound (clap, whistle). With a high frequency of sound, the accuracy of determining the direction to its source is high. Also when using ultrasonic sensors it is possible to measure the distance to an obstacle from a few centimeters to 11 meters.
Position sensors
Position sensors include GPS (global positioning system), landmarks (play the role of a beacon), gyroscopes (determining the angle of rotation).
Electromagnetic sensors
The well-known reed switch is the simplest example of this type of sensor. The Hall effect is also used to measure magnetic force.
I’m finishing with this, but I want to notice that far from all the sensors that can be used when developing a robot. Sensors such as temperature, pressure, current, voltage were not even affected. For example, a temperature sensor can be used to monitor the temperature of moving parts or semiconductor components required by forced cooling. Also, when combining several basic types of sensors, more complex systems or groups of sensors are obtained.
Collision sensors
It is basically a simple button to open / close. Very simple implementation and ease of connection of this type of sensor, available to novice developers. When used with microcontrollers, it requires delayed processing to filter the effect of contact bounce (describe separately).
')
Tilt sensors
Used in robots, where the slope must be controlled accordingly, to maintain balance and to avoid the model turning over on an uneven surface (for example, mountains). There are both analog and digital interfaces. The result is the value of the degree of inclination.
Optical sensors
In this type of sensor uses the physical properties of the semiconductor under the influence of light. The photoresistor changes the resistance, we have the result of the degree of illumination. A photodiode, unlike a photoresistor, has a faster response time. The reflection sensor (emitter and receiver) allows you to determine the white or black areas on the surface, which allows it to move along the drawn line or determine the proximity of the obstacle. This includes pyroelectric sensors that can detect and measure the heat emanating from fire, humans or animals, thanks to infrared radiation.
Camcorders
This type of sensor today is beginning to be used very well thanks to the growth of technologies in the field of image processing. You could add them to optical sensors, but I considered it a separate type because of the complexity and wealth of possibilities. These are the real eyes of a robot. There are enough applications for him: authorization systems, pattern recognition, motion detection, etc.
Sound sensors
This is speech recognition (a semi-solved problem today, it requires significant resources for processing and analysis) or just the frequencies of sound (clap, whistle). With a high frequency of sound, the accuracy of determining the direction to its source is high. Also when using ultrasonic sensors it is possible to measure the distance to an obstacle from a few centimeters to 11 meters.
Position sensors
Position sensors include GPS (global positioning system), landmarks (play the role of a beacon), gyroscopes (determining the angle of rotation).
Electromagnetic sensors
The well-known reed switch is the simplest example of this type of sensor. The Hall effect is also used to measure magnetic force.
I’m finishing with this, but I want to notice that far from all the sensors that can be used when developing a robot. Sensors such as temperature, pressure, current, voltage were not even affected. For example, a temperature sensor can be used to monitor the temperature of moving parts or semiconductor components required by forced cooling. Also, when combining several basic types of sensors, more complex systems or groups of sensors are obtained.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/362039/
All Articles