About the author. Federico Mena-Quintero is a Mexican programmer, one of the founders of the GNOME project .



Librsvg has reached a turning point: it suddenly turns out that it is easier to port some of the main parts of C to Rust than to just add accessors. In addition, more and more "meat" of the library is now written in Rust.



Now I often have to switch between two languages, and C now looks very, very primitive.

')

Elegy C

C 24 . “The C Programming Language by K&R” . Turbo Pascal, , C .



K&R — . malloc()/free(), . !



C. . , Unix 20 000 .



GIMP GTK+ . GNOME , . , 20 000 C .



. .

C

POV-Ray .



GTK+ , .



SIOD, Guile — , Scheme C.



Eye of GNOME .

Evolution . Solaris Purify; Valgrind.



gnome-vfs.



Mesa.



Nautilus-share , free().



, .



, .



, - Rust, C.

, Rust, « Rust ». Rust C++: « » (RAII), , , .

• : free(). , , . , Drop, . , .
• : ( , , ..) . : . .

// C , , , ( , )… , .

( )

Vec<T> , T. . , T.



C … .

() —

Rust — Java- - . , Java — : Drawable, draw ().



.

() . , Iterator :

pub trait Iterator {
    type Item;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;
}

, Iterator - Item . next() , Some(YourElementType). , None.



.



, Rust for , IntoIterator:

pub trait IntoIterator {
    /// The type of the elements being iterated over.
    type Item;

    /// Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?
    type IntoIter: Iterator<Item=Self::Item>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;
}

Item , IntoIter — Iterator, .



, . « foo bar, , ».

C , , .

:

• pkg-config Autotools.
• include ...
• … .
• , .

Cargo.toml, . c .



. cargo build.

- C :

• . , , . #include , #ifdef .
• Makefile, , , .
• . . .

Rust :

#[test]
fn test_that_foo_works() {
    assert!(foo() == expected_result);
}

… cargo test, . . Makefile, , .



-.

Rust Markdown. . :

/// Multiples the specified number by two
///
/// ```
/// assert_eq!(multiply_by_two(5), 10);
/// ```
fn multiply_by_two(x: i32) -> i32 {
    x * 2
}

, .



23.02.2018: QuietMisdreavus , rustdoc doctests . .

Rust , C. , max (5 + 3, 4) .

C, - int short, char - — Rust . .

.

, Rust

Rust , « Rust» ( , unsafe {}) . >>  — .

gcc, switch() enum, ? .



Rust . match(). , :

impl f64 {
    pub fn sin_cos(self) -> (f64, f64);
}

let angle: f64 = 42.0;
let (sin_angle, cos_angle) = angle.sin_cos();

match() . .

let color = "green";

match color {
    "red"   => println!("it's red"),
    "green" => println!("it's green"),
    _       => println!("it's something else"),
}

?

my_func(true, false, false)

, :

pub struct Fubarize(pub bool);
pub struct Frobnify(pub bool);
pub struct Bazificate(pub bool);

fn my_func(Fubarize(fub): Fubarize, 
           Frobnify(frob): Frobnify, 
           Bazificate(baz): Bazificate) {
    if fub {
        ...;
    }

    if frob && baz {
        ...;
    }
}

...

my_func(Fubarize(true), Frobnify(false), Bazificate(true));

,

. boolean , , .

#[derive(Debug)]

(, ), #[derive(Debug)] — Rust , . , gdb .

user_data.

« », . , , .



C — . Unix, . .



Rust , . , , . , , .