New generation of networks: the first specification 5G is introduced
In late December, the 3GPP consortium officially announced the completion of the specification for the fifth generation of mobile networks - 5G .
However, this is only the first part of the official document that describes the 5G New Radio (NR) standard for deploying 5G networks based on the existing LTE infrastructure (non-standalone). The second part of the specification for building networks on a stand-alone infrastructure (standalone) is expected this year.
More details about the specifications and features of the standard will be described below.
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/ Flickr / Japanexperterna.se / CC
Initially, the release of the specification was scheduled for March 2018, however, they decided to change the date on request of a group of operators: AT & T, Sprint, Telstra and Vodafone. On the eve of Mobile World Congress 2017, they said that the demand for mobile Internet is growing, so it is important to start working to meet customer needs as quickly as possible - as early as 2019.
To speed up the release of the specification, the release was “split” into two parts - in December 2017, functional requirements for 5G for non-autonomous architecture (non-standalone) were presented, and preparation of documentation for stand-alone architecture (standalone) was postponed to the middle of the year. However, for this it was necessary to “leave out” the implementation of certain technical issues.
In the December release, 3GPP refused to refine several solutions, for example, from implementing data compression in an uplink. This was done to give priority to full-duplex data transfer and to implement a system for eliminating interference when a mobile device operates on LTE and NR networks simultaneously.
Also among the pending tasks are : nonorthogonal multiple access (Nonorthogonal Multiple Access - NOMA) and work on eV2X ( enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything ).
As noted in Ericsson, 5G-network will have 10 times more bandwidth than 4G. At the same time, it will be able to support at least one million connected devices per square kilometer. It is expected that this feature will allow further development of IoT-technologies and will be another step towards "smart" cities. The spectral efficiency of the 5G network will be 30 bit / s / Hz for the downlink and 15 bit / s / Hz for the uplink.
Network stations will communicate with objects moving at speeds of up to 500 km / h. At the same time, the used radio interfaces will go into the low power consumption mode when idle (the stated transition time is 10 ms). As for the delay in data transmission, it will be 4 ms. For comparison, the delay in LTE is 20, and in 3G - 100 ms. Download speed information will be 100 Mbps, and the speed of its transmission - 50 Mbps.
Companies from different countries have already entered the "5G-race" and began to test the network of the new generation.
For example, in the UK, Vodafone was doing it in partnership with Huawei. In the SU-MIMO tests, a speed of 20 Gbit / s was achieved , and MU-MIMO - 10 Gbit / s. EE also conducted testing: it managed to achieve a stable data transfer rate of 2.8 Gbit / s with a delay of less than 5 ms.
The UK Department of Culture, Media and Sport has even prepared a strategic plan aimed at further developing 5G technologies in the country. The published document describes the necessary actions of the government, deals with the placement of equipment and economic aspects.
Last year, Ericsson and MTS created a prototype 5G network and successfully completed its testing, including using fixed and mobile equipment. The companies managed to achieve a peak data transfer rate of 25 Gbps. This is made possible through Multi-User and Massive MIMO, Beam Tracking and Dynamic TDD .
The first large-scale tests of 5G networks in Russia are planning to be held during the World Cup.
Samsung, in partnership with the Japanese operator KDDI, announced the completion of 5G testing on a moving train (its speed was above 100 km / h). The data transfer rate during the experiment reached 1.7 Gbit / s with a descending and ascending connection.
At Mobile World Congress 2016, Finland introduced the 5G Test Network Finland ecosystem (5GTNF), which gave operators the opportunity to test 5G before the technology officially appeared on the market. The network is used by IT giants Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, as well as companies from other industries: automotive, energy, manufacturing.
For example, in September 2017, as part of 5GTNF, Nokia launched the WIVE project. His focus is on the use of new generation networks in the media and entertainment industry.
The full version of the specification will appear in June 2018. Full implementation of large-scale 5G-networks is scheduled for 2019. However, there are companies that want to speed up the project implementation process - AT & T says it will launch a new generation network in the US in the second half of 2018, and Verizon plans to provide 5G-enabled routers and modems for US users in the same time period.
PS Other posts on the topic from our blog on Habrahabr:
PPS Related material from the VAS Experts blog:
However, this is only the first part of the official document that describes the 5G New Radio (NR) standard for deploying 5G networks based on the existing LTE infrastructure (non-standalone). The second part of the specification for building networks on a stand-alone infrastructure (standalone) is expected this year.
More details about the specifications and features of the standard will be described below.
')
/ Flickr / Japanexperterna.se / CC
Release ahead of time
Initially, the release of the specification was scheduled for March 2018, however, they decided to change the date on request of a group of operators: AT & T, Sprint, Telstra and Vodafone. On the eve of Mobile World Congress 2017, they said that the demand for mobile Internet is growing, so it is important to start working to meet customer needs as quickly as possible - as early as 2019.
To speed up the release of the specification, the release was “split” into two parts - in December 2017, functional requirements for 5G for non-autonomous architecture (non-standalone) were presented, and preparation of documentation for stand-alone architecture (standalone) was postponed to the middle of the year. However, for this it was necessary to “leave out” the implementation of certain technical issues.
Deferred decisions
In the December release, 3GPP refused to refine several solutions, for example, from implementing data compression in an uplink. This was done to give priority to full-duplex data transfer and to implement a system for eliminating interference when a mobile device operates on LTE and NR networks simultaneously.
Also among the pending tasks are : nonorthogonal multiple access (Nonorthogonal Multiple Access - NOMA) and work on eV2X ( enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything ).
5G parameters
As noted in Ericsson, 5G-network will have 10 times more bandwidth than 4G. At the same time, it will be able to support at least one million connected devices per square kilometer. It is expected that this feature will allow further development of IoT-technologies and will be another step towards "smart" cities. The spectral efficiency of the 5G network will be 30 bit / s / Hz for the downlink and 15 bit / s / Hz for the uplink.
Network stations will communicate with objects moving at speeds of up to 500 km / h. At the same time, the used radio interfaces will go into the low power consumption mode when idle (the stated transition time is 10 ms). As for the delay in data transmission, it will be 4 ms. For comparison, the delay in LTE is 20, and in 3G - 100 ms. Download speed information will be 100 Mbps, and the speed of its transmission - 50 Mbps.
Tests 5G networks
Companies from different countries have already entered the "5G-race" and began to test the network of the new generation.
Britannia
For example, in the UK, Vodafone was doing it in partnership with Huawei. In the SU-MIMO tests, a speed of 20 Gbit / s was achieved , and MU-MIMO - 10 Gbit / s. EE also conducted testing: it managed to achieve a stable data transfer rate of 2.8 Gbit / s with a delay of less than 5 ms.
The UK Department of Culture, Media and Sport has even prepared a strategic plan aimed at further developing 5G technologies in the country. The published document describes the necessary actions of the government, deals with the placement of equipment and economic aspects.
Russia
Last year, Ericsson and MTS created a prototype 5G network and successfully completed its testing, including using fixed and mobile equipment. The companies managed to achieve a peak data transfer rate of 25 Gbps. This is made possible through Multi-User and Massive MIMO, Beam Tracking and Dynamic TDD .
The first large-scale tests of 5G networks in Russia are planning to be held during the World Cup.
Japan
Samsung, in partnership with the Japanese operator KDDI, announced the completion of 5G testing on a moving train (its speed was above 100 km / h). The data transfer rate during the experiment reached 1.7 Gbit / s with a descending and ascending connection.
Finland
At Mobile World Congress 2016, Finland introduced the 5G Test Network Finland ecosystem (5GTNF), which gave operators the opportunity to test 5G before the technology officially appeared on the market. The network is used by IT giants Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, as well as companies from other industries: automotive, energy, manufacturing.
For example, in September 2017, as part of 5GTNF, Nokia launched the WIVE project. His focus is on the use of new generation networks in the media and entertainment industry.
Deployment dates
The full version of the specification will appear in June 2018. Full implementation of large-scale 5G-networks is scheduled for 2019. However, there are companies that want to speed up the project implementation process - AT & T says it will launch a new generation network in the US in the second half of 2018, and Verizon plans to provide 5G-enabled routers and modems for US users in the same time period.
PS Other posts on the topic from our blog on Habrahabr:
- How to deliver the Internet to remote corners of the planet: GCI, Google and Facebook projects
- AT & T is preparing to launch the Internet via power lines
PPS Related material from the VAS Experts blog:
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/344914/
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