How to use SVN when developing Web-sites?

We are not suffering the first day, but the task seems to be very common, so we have to post this question out of desperation, and I hope this topic will be able to help followers :)

We have a lot of sites and several programmers who constantly hell each other all the developments, and therefore we decided that we need to raise SVN.

When they started to google the question, they realized that it looks like SVN in web projects is not so very common, and in the meantime there are a number of differences from the development of regular software.
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So, there are: several programmers, a large number of interrelated projects, a dev server and a production server.

I would like to transfer debugging completely to the dev server, and always have a working version on production. At the same time, I would like to limit access via ftp to production so that it is impossible to download any third-party versions of files that are not loaded into the repository. In addition, you need to load the production server not on a schedule, but for some action of the programmer, for example, a special comment when you commit (all of a sudden we fix the hellish bug).

It is impossible to create branches to separate test and work (or we just don’t understand how to do it ...), since on the test server all files must be in the public_html folder that the http server is configured for.

Now at every commit, the SVN updates the corresponding folder on the dev server. Ie apache dev server always sees the latest build. Download the current version of the production-server manually through FTP, how to automate this download is not clear.

Many thanks in advance, to all who will help. I promise, in the case of the solution found, add it to the post and make this post useful)