Blitzkrieg import substitution of IT technologies. Part 1. Actors of import substitution

“Blitzkrieg of import substitution of information technologies” is an attempt to make a diagnosis and selection of adequate emergency (“blitzkrieg”) therapy for a seriously ill patient “IT technologies of Russia”. "Russian Spring" in the Crimea - pulled off the mask of hypocrisy and "well-being". Sanctions, the fall of oil and the ruble, other events in 2014 - bare realism: state-oligarchism, monstrous de-industrialization, dollarization, drug dependence on hydrocarbon exports (raw materials appendage), the real insignificance of the ruble. Gone are the illusions about Russia's integration into the world economy (global cooperation), the country is becoming a sanctions semblance of Iran (there are no bourgeois loans anymore, a ban has been imposed on individual banks and entire territories on operations with Visa \ MasterCard, loudly calling for disconnection from SWIFT, IT services and technologies). The country has two ways: to fall on your knees or to fight, i.e. to create industry, science, pharmaceuticals, and another 101 directions (most of them should be recreated at least to the level of the USSR). Below we look at information technologies (IT) - the basis of the modern (post-industrial) universe.

The actors of import substitution

In order to better answer the question “What to do?”, You must first truthfully say “What has been done, is done and who is to blame.” Consider the "developments", a history of illness and well-being; find out who is engaged in import substitution today, or pretends that it does, although it should. We find out who today "rules" the import substitution of IT technologies in Russia, who are the "main characters", ...
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I. Developers, IT production, IT industry, IT industry

Let's start with the "monsters." The remnants of the once mighty military-industrial complex of Russia, numerous research institutes and design bureaus, have been collected at Rostec ( Russian Technologies ) since 2007. Most of the state-owned enterprises (GP) were first made by federal state-owned unitary enterprises (FSUE), and then they were joint-stock companies and transferred to Rostec. The result was a whole “Joint-minded Ministry of Industry” of modern Russia (almost a million employees) with galactic formations. Take, for example, the names of the concerns "Vega", "Orion", "Sirius", "Constellation". According to the Annual Report for 2012 , 339 Rostec organizations belong to the military-industrial complex (DIC). Such truly galactic scales of Rostec should generate noticeable IT products in society and be the flagship of import substitution.


The current military-industrial complex, consolidated under the command of Rostec (and the final renaming of federal state unitary enterprises and the completion of the "OAO-nation" stage of the military-industrial complex should be completed before 01/01/2015, reminds not that a "monster", but rather a "dinosaur" living its "ice" period. Despite the colossal funds allocated for its support, a huge human resource, the inefficiency of its work in the IT field is evident. The “Rostec Vertical” and the problems in the light of the ongoing “globalization” are shown in [29].

The development of import substitution of IT solutions (that is, not the consumption or operation of IT, namely the creation and implementation) is carried out by many state and "near-state" entities: RosAtom, the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), the Ministry of Education, JSC Rostelecom ”and others. A significant number of enterprises of the State Corporation “RosAtom” (“JSC NIITFA” and others) and “Roskosmos” are developing domestic IT systems, including electronics and software. The Ministry of Education and Science owns research institutes and factories: FSUE VEI, Experimental Plant VEI, etc., incorporates the Federal Agency for Science and Innovations.


Despite the scale of "Rostec", the "tidbits" have long been in "reliable hands" and the " oligarchic " army adjoins the " galactic IT army" of Rostec. The “visible” favorite in this segment is “AFK system”, in which the following companies can be classified as “import-substituting segment”: RTI, Micron, Sitronics, NVision. On the whole, V. Yevtushenkov’s gigantic “diversified estate” includes Bashneft , MTS, a bank, trading enterprises, agriculture and much more.

It is the enterprises of the “oligarchic” clan that play the decisive role - they are the owners of the country's main IT assets. In addition to the "visible" in the oligarchic group there are many "hidden" formations. Often, IT-Koreiko hides its possessions so thoroughly that only after many years, and only through international courts, do we know the true owners of the country's IT assets. Consider several such secret clans - the "black holes" of the domestic IT industry with the main characters ... yes, yes - the ministers of communications (who else in Russia is better than others to live in the age of "connections", more precisely the age of "connections").

The “invisible favorite” is leading by a large margin - the group of St. Petersburg telecommunications workers led by the ex-minister of communications L. Reiman. These are Svyazinvest and Synterra, Angstroms and Penguin Sovtver and much more, and we don’t even suspect many. The material is collected bit by bit over their years: [1], [2], [8].


Other examples of the monetization of the “administrative resource” include the groupings: “Schegolev and Co” [3] and the gathering power (assets?) “Kazan ITeshniki” [4]. What grouping in reality belongs to the domestic IT industry? How is it divided (sawn)? Only a major scandal can illuminate the mysterious realm and highlight the part of the "Golden IT calf" hidden from the public.


The following “by rank” behind large holdings of oligarchs and veiled “groups of telecoms” can be distinguished “actively participating” in import substitution, a large army of medium and small private companies . They are conventionally divided into system integrators and specific ones. Here, too, the main lever is the “administrative” resource (otherwise, “dry the oars” in Russian business realities). System integrators (broad-based specialists) solve “complex” tasks (often complex “popilas”), while specialized ones focus on a specific one. For example, Baikal Electronics OJSC (T-Platforms OJSC, Rostec and Rosnano project) - ARM architecture, and MCST CJSC - SPARC architecture and Elbrus are actively engaged in the development of high-performance processes. Most of the specialized companies work "in tandem", for example, CJSC "MCST" \ "INEUM" (as part of "Management Systems" of Rostec). One of the "successful" integrators of the defense industry in general is the "Russian-American" RAMEC, headed by the previously mentioned A. Beltov [5], [6].

Each government agency and / or customer of IT solutions (from healthcare institutions to IO) has its own squad of commercial contractors. Many companies offer “domestic solutions” by aggregating (assembling) or simply sticking their label to imported hardware (hardware) or software: “we have done” over the “made in China” label. Often this is called "high-tech" R & D.

Small and medium businesses that develop and supply in the interests of law enforcement and government agencies are a huge army, but there are not many real import substitutes in it. The factor of "success" depends on the "proximity" of the owners to the customer and the leadership of the relevant ministries. Therefore, they turn a blind eye to outright profanation, and for “reliability” it is even better to stamp “Secret”.

There is a large civilian market for domestic software due to “regulatory lawlessness” (frequent changes in legislation, primarily accounting) - manufacturers of automated accounting systems of banks (CFT, Diasoft, Inversion) and ERP \ accounting companies (1C, Galaktika, Parus). Today 1C is a leader in the domestic market of domestic software. This is a more or less real segment of import substitution at the moment, minimally prone to fashionable PR campaigns, like the production of domestic microprocessors, OS, DBMS. Ideas about the domestic segment can be obtained from the membership lists of the associations mentioned below (professional communities), for example, members of APCIT , members of RUSSOFT , as well as analytical studies, for example, IDC Review and Assessment of Development Prospects for the World and Russian IT Markets .

Let us single out the “ Academ-Regiment ” of “scientific import substitutes”: the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Skolkovo (IT cluster of the Skolkovo Foundation), Rosnano, etc. Only in the RAS there are more than 500 scientific institutions and almost as many academicians. The whole range of areas of import substitution is presented: from the institute of crystallography (by the way, 2014 is the international year of crystallography) to the informational “problem” IPU RAS \ IPI RAS. For example, NIISI RAS - again “in conjunction” with the notorious KB “Korund-M” [17] - are pioneers of import substitution (the “Baguette” computer series). For many years they have been developing radiation-resistant microprocessors MIPS for military needs with the appropriate name “Komdiv”. In addition to the RAS, there are subnational-level academies whose activities are financed from the budget of the subjects of the federation. In general, also the most powerful resources with experimental production, scientific authority, etc.

Unfortunately, due attention (not only the allocation of budgetary funds) to import substitution has not yet been noticed by the “statesmen”. Therefore, the place in the review of the state "strategists" is somewhere at the end (or well disguised). These are the State Duma Committees (State Duma Committee on Science and High Technologies, State Duma Committee on Strategic Information Systems, etc.), deputies (Ilya Ponomarev, etc.), the Presidential Administration, councils and commissions under the President, the Government and those interested - developing (designing ) Ministries and departments, first of all, the Ministry of Defense and the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Communications and Space Communications (FGUP Scientific Research Institute Voskhod, FGUP NTC Atlas, FGUP MNII Integral, etc.) and the Ministry of Industry and Trade (RosStandart, Institute for the Economics of Information Technology, Federal Center for the Promotion of Industrial Development "- formerly the Federal State Institution" State Conversion Fund, etc.). Council under the President of the Russian Federation on the modernization of the economy and the innovative development of Russia "(formerly the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on the modernization and technological development of the Russian economy," all analogs of the "militia" - "the police" —to completely confuse everyone), the Council for the Development of Information societies in the Russian Federation, the Military-Industrial Commission, the Interdepartmental Commission on Technological Development, etc. How many more are “IT professionals” and innovative (with IT topics), regional councils, agencies ( Tenzh "Agency for Innovation and Development"), committees, commissions and other structures!

For example, Railways in cooperation with RosAtom make the domestic OS [20]. Only the Ministry of Defense (MO) has a lot of research institutes (central research institutes) in various areas (although not so long ago they were slightly reduced - “optimized”): from 27 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (the oldest automated system of the Armed Forces) to 22 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation elemental base (after “optimization”, the subject was betrayed at the FSUE MNIIRIP), as well as the whole Academy of Military Sciences About the situation in the Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, see [32]. VoenTeleCom and the mass of MO plants, the Bureau of Defense Solutions, neoplasms such as RosDARPA (Advanced Research Fund), and others. We emphasize that the MOs over the past 25 years almost single-handedly pulled the import substitution strap, however, thanks to the sanctions, others also thought. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the FSB have also long been “in the subject of” import substitution.


“Successfully completed” (read - budget funds are used) programs: Federal Target Program “National Technological Base” for 2007–2011, Federal Target Program “Research and Development in Priority Areas for the Development of the Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia for 2007-2012”, Federal Target Program “Development of Electronic component base and radio electronics ”for 2008–2015 and other programs aimed at the development of a domestic IT structure. And nothing has changed".

Next, look at the professional community. Industry-wide (broad IT profile) type APKIT, regional (for example, the Association of ICT enterprises of the Voronezh region). “Software” (soft): Non-Profit Partnership of RUSSOFT, ARPP “Otechestvenniy Soft”, RASPO and others. And they are engaged in the issues of import substitution and participate in the promotion of domestic technologies.


Nearby you can put the clubs "IT Directors" - CIO, since many companies have their own major software development units. Further, consulting agencies for import substitution include information agencies that produce analytics on the domestic IT world and IT journalism (CNEWS, Open Systems, iks-media, PC Week / RE, and others).

And how many individual import substitution enthusiasts in the country! Many indifferent lovers of loners, small groups, spontaneous forums. Frequently "Habrahabra" this should be obvious. There are also unusual (ambiguous) projects like the “Domestic operating system“ Phantom ”, in which the architecture is fundamentally different from the classical ones [9].

Ii. Consumers, IT operation, all IT users

Above it was said about the developers, manufacturers of means of import substitution, for example, in the part of the Ministry of Defense - about scientific institutes (in the research institute "Rostec" there are still military missions). Now briefly "about the main thing" - about consumers. This is a giant layer of enterprises and companies, as well as ordinary ordinary citizens of the country, who today are suffocating from the dominance of bourgeois electronics and windows and hopefully whisper: “When will we finally be able to do something ourselves?” Army, navy, special services, space and nuclear industry - only a small part of potential consumers of domestic IT solutions, which were key even before the introduction of sanctions. Banks and state corporations that have fallen under sanctions have already felt the need to implement import-independent IT technologies. For state institutions, first of all, health care, education, government e-service portals are an opportunity for significant savings, and for the country as a whole - a chance for the revival of science and production. How many information technology users are in the country - potential customers for domestic producers: from corporation, SOHO segment, to gadget-users. Yes, and the export of domestic IT products and services can reach a new level of quality.

Dislocation of import substitution forces

In general, the forces of import substitution and their disposition are shown in fig. 1 "The deployment of the shock group IT import substitution":


Fig. one

The map shows the situation:

1) The occupying forces of the western giants of the IT industry (Microsoft, HP, Cisco, etc.) have firmly consolidated on the IT market (front) of Russia. For example, in the IT equipment front area, the share of domestic manufacturers in the Russian IT market is close to zero (the occupation is shown in the diagram by the outlines of the Russian Federation, indicating western vendors).

2) Russian defense equipment and software developers are trying to break through the deeply echeloned defense of the invaders. At the forefront of the Russian IT squadron are the remnants of the Soviet military-industrial complex still beating in the agony of privatization, restructuring, and a crisis of control (command).

3) Patriotic IT users (information technology users) have been waiting for “Sinop IT battles” (or similar) for more than a quarter of a century and whispering with hope: “When will our people come?” Will modern Ushakovs and Nakhimovs appear in the Russian IT industry? Which, despite the repeated superiority of the enemy forces, will triumphantly hoist the Russian flag over the country's IT market.

In the meantime, the general intent, tactics, and timing of the attack are still kept secret by IT generals. If only the reports were periodically transmitted: “according to the IT bureau, a critical situation remains at the front ...”. Despite the humorous genre of drawing, the picture is super serious.

Iii. Consideration in the "second reading"

Below, we give fragmentary generalizations and consider examples, including the level of combat effectiveness of individual IT formations.

Rostec . Publicity at least, the main work in the "top secret". What enterprises do in import substitution of IT technologies actually do, what specific tasks are set, what ways are they planned to be approached, thematic polemics - how to optimally solve the problem of import substitution - almost everything is covered with mystery. All previous developments on import substitution (including cuts) are strictly classified. Initially, the task was declared to save the remnants of state-owned enterprises, to provide centralized leadership, to end the hostility, to establish their cooperation (the mission of "Rostec"). But in fact: they didn’t manage to dry the ink of the decrees on the transfer of enterprises (shares) to Rostec - some kind of avant-garde IT import substitution, how they are sold, who on an IPO [10], and who "only in good hands" [11] .

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Links

1 "St. Petersburg" group of communications: a complete register
www.cnews.ru/reviews/index.shtml?2009/08/05/356497

2 "Petersburg Signalers" bought the "Angstrom". Proven
www.cnews.ru/news/top/index.shtml?2009/08/05/356502

3 Rostelecom bought its own shares from a friend of the former Minister of Communications for 25 billion rubles.
biz.cnews.ru/top/2013/11/15/rostelekom_vykupil_u_druga_eksministra_svyazi_sobstvennye_akcii_za_25_mlrd_rub_550020

4 Kazan Iteshniki conquer Russia through an alliance with Rostec
gov.cnews.ru/top/2014/06/18/kazanskie_iteshniki_pokoryayut_rossiyu_cherez_soyuz_s_rostehom_576047

5 RAMEK-VS

6 The former director of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense was suspected of involvement in fraud at 0.5 billion rubles.
rucompromat.com/articles/byivshego_direktora_n_minoboronyi_zapodozrili_v_prichastnosti_k_moshennichestvu_na_05_mlrd_rub

7 Ministry of Defense funds went to the restaurant business in the US
rucompromat.com/articles/sredstva_minoboronyi_shli_na_restorannyiy_biznes_v_ssha

8 Reiman Leonid Dododzhonovich

9 Phantom (operating system), Digital Zone, D. Zavalishin

10 Rostec will offer KRET investors (the Concern begins preparation for an IPO)
www.kommersant.ru/doc/2140051

11 Rostec rents out automatic machines (Private investors will solve the problems of Kalashnikov)
kommersant.ru/doc/2303410

12 Central Research Institute EISU (Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems)

13 The founder of "Technoserv" may leave the post of head of the holding "Management Systems"
corp.cnews.ru/news/top/index.shtml?2014/05/16/572102

14 Computer accounting and auditing 1999'2
www.k-press.ru/comp/1999/2/12-TABL/12-TABL.asp

15 Company: Pingwin_Software _ (Pingwin_software)

16 All-Russian Research Institute of Management Automation in the non-industrial sphere named after V.V. Solomatina
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNIINS

17 Court to slow down GLONASS
www.infox.ru/business/net/2010/05/04/Sud_zatormozit_GLONA.phtml

18 Computer Center "KEY" introduces free software
www.linuxcenter.ru/lib/press/KEY_Linuxcenter.phtml

19 Chapter "Management Systems" A. Ryznik appointed head of the concern "System"
opkrt.ru/index.php/news/101-glava-sistem-upravleniya-andrej-riznyk-naznachen-rukovoditelem-kontserna-sistemprom
20 Railways and Rosatom will do domestic software
rusbase.vc/news/rzhd-i-rosatom-budut-delat-otechestvennoe-po

21 Robert Agee became RCCS Senior Vice President.
www.pcweek.ru/management/article/detail.php?ID=131385

22 Russian electronics

23 ENTALTSEVA Marina Valentinovna (we use the “mirror”, because the Kremlin censorship is flaming)
www.anticompromat.org/putin/entaltsbio.html
anonymouse.org/cgi-bin/anon-www.cgi/http : //www.anticompromat.org/putin/entaltsbio.html

24 Our nuclear suitcase - with money
www.mk.ru/social/article/2008/12/23/6475-nash-yadernyiy-chemodanchik-s-dengami.html

25 SMEV migrates from Oracle to free software
www.iksmedia.ru/news/5114321-SMEV-migriruet-s-Oracle-na-svobodno.html

26 How we implement open source in state-owned companies and large commerce in Russia
habrahabr.ru/company/croc/blog/244085

27 AP KIT presented the Strategy for the development of the Russian IT industry in Silicon Valley
www.apkit.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=15195

28 Strategy of development of the information technology industry in the Russian Federation for 2014–2020 and for the perspective up to 2025

29 All-consuming vertical (Rostec)
vpk.name/news/126301_vsepogloshayushaya_vertikal.html

30 State Duma tackled issues of import substitution in IT
www.pcweek.ru/gover/article/detail.php?ID=164970

31 CART BLANCH. Privatization of defense and defense from privatization. In a crisis, there are disputes over the sale of Spetsstroy Russia
www.ng.ru/armies/2015-02-12/3_kartblansh.html
Privatization hole
kapital-rus.ru/articles/article/237281

32 Index of degradation (research organizations of IO)
vpk.name/news/127109_indeks_degradacii.html

33 How Krok rolled Gref’s bankers $ 200 million. Sberbank purchased IBM servers 4 times as expensive as the manufacturer’s price.
www.compromat.ru/page_34578.htm

34 Government’s “anti-crisis plan” “beats” past the goal www.nakanune.ru/articles/110075
Anti-crisis plan, the government put "uncomfortable"
www.bigness.ru/articles/2015-02-12/plan/147126

Post Scriptum: