Local positioning technology. Part II
In the previous article we talked about radar positioning technologies. Today we will continue to talk about the technology to determine the location.
To begin, let us recall what we have allocated technology groups. We attributed to them:
')
So, inertial positioning technology .
Inertial positioning technology is the determination of the relative location and motion parameters of various objects. Positioning is autonomous, that is, it does not require external reference points or signals from outside. The essence of inertial positioning consists in determining the acceleration of an object and its angular velocities with the help of sensors installed on a moving object (accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.). The data thus obtained allows us to determine the speed, the distance traveled by the object, etc.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
Positioning technologies based on magnetic field changes.
Positioning technologies based on a change in the magnetic field is the determination of the location of an object, based on the measurement of local changes in the magnetic field, which can serve as a criterion for magnetic positioning. In order to start working with this technology, you must first map the changes in the magnetic field.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
Ultrasonic positioning technology.
Ultrasonic sensors operate at frequencies from 40 to 130 kHz. The distance is calculated by the time of the signal from the sensor to the receiver. Using multiple receivers, you can accurately calculate the location of the transmitter. Accuracy is increased when using four or more receivers.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
To eliminate the shortcomings described above, careful planning of the system is required, as well as continuous calibration, in order to reduce the impact of errors in the operation of the system.
Optical positioning technology . These technologies are represented by two subgroups - infrared and laser positioning technologies.
1) In infrared positioning systems, mobile devices emit pulses in the infrared range with a certain frequency. The pulses are perceived by the receivers of the system, and the location of the device is calculated by the time of the signal from the source to the receiver. In some cases, the functions of the receiver and transmitter are combined, i.e. work comes with a reflected signal.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
2) Laser positioning is performed on the same principle as infrared and ultrasound. Mobile devices emit laser pulses with a certain frequency. These pulses are perceived by the receivers of the system, and the location of the device is calculated by the time of the signal from the source to the receiver. The emitter can be a receiver immediately, i.e. can work on the reflected signal.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
Results:
Summing up, it can be added that the choice of a particular technology is determined by many aspects, such as: industry application, service specifics, methods on which this technology works, cost. All local positioning technologies, with the exception of radio-frequency, which we covered in the previous article, are narrowly targeted, and are used, as a rule, to clarify the location.
To begin, let us recall what we have allocated technology groups. We attributed to them:
- Radar technology.
- Inertial positioning technology.
- Technologies based on changing the magnetic field.
- Ultrasound technology.
- Optical technology.
')
So, inertial positioning technology .
Inertial positioning technology is the determination of the relative location and motion parameters of various objects. Positioning is autonomous, that is, it does not require external reference points or signals from outside. The essence of inertial positioning consists in determining the acceleration of an object and its angular velocities with the help of sensors installed on a moving object (accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.). The data thus obtained allows us to determine the speed, the distance traveled by the object, etc.
Benefits:
- Autonomy
Disadvantages:
- It is a clarifying technology, since requires periodic clarification of the location using fixed points;
- False alarms (due to incorrect determination of the nature of the movement);
- High power consumption.
Positioning technologies based on magnetic field changes.
Positioning technologies based on a change in the magnetic field is the determination of the location of an object, based on the measurement of local changes in the magnetic field, which can serve as a criterion for magnetic positioning. In order to start working with this technology, you must first map the changes in the magnetic field.
Benefits:
- Anchoring is not required.
Disadvantages:
- The need to keep maps of changes in the magnetic field up to date;
- Low level of location accuracy (depends on the number and intensity of local changes in the magnetic field).
Ultrasonic positioning technology.
Ultrasonic sensors operate at frequencies from 40 to 130 kHz. The distance is calculated by the time of the signal from the sensor to the receiver. Using multiple receivers, you can accurately calculate the location of the transmitter. Accuracy is increased when using four or more receivers.
Benefits:
- High positioning accuracy.
Disadvantages:
- Weakening of the signal due to obstacles;
- False signals due to reflections;
- Interference from high frequency sound sources;
- Small radius.
To eliminate the shortcomings described above, careful planning of the system is required, as well as continuous calibration, in order to reduce the impact of errors in the operation of the system.
Optical positioning technology . These technologies are represented by two subgroups - infrared and laser positioning technologies.
1) In infrared positioning systems, mobile devices emit pulses in the infrared range with a certain frequency. The pulses are perceived by the receivers of the system, and the location of the device is calculated by the time of the signal from the source to the receiver. In some cases, the functions of the receiver and transmitter are combined, i.e. work comes with a reflected signal.
Benefits:
- High measuring range.
Disadvantages:
- Interference from sunlight, dust.
2) Laser positioning is performed on the same principle as infrared and ultrasound. Mobile devices emit laser pulses with a certain frequency. These pulses are perceived by the receivers of the system, and the location of the device is calculated by the time of the signal from the source to the receiver. The emitter can be a receiver immediately, i.e. can work on the reflected signal.
Benefits:
- High measurement accuracy.
Disadvantages:
- Limited use;
- For location determination, direct visibility is required.
Results:
Summing up, it can be added that the choice of a particular technology is determined by many aspects, such as: industry application, service specifics, methods on which this technology works, cost. All local positioning technologies, with the exception of radio-frequency, which we covered in the previous article, are narrowly targeted, and are used, as a rule, to clarify the location.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/282357/
All Articles