Happy birthday, Richard Stallman
"Undoubtedly, the greatest figure of hacker culture"
Eric Raymond about Richard Stallman
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Today is the birthday of the “last true hacker,” Richard Stallman, “the eternal student,” the software liberator and the ideologist of free software (not to be confused with Open Software ), the creator of GNU, the author of the concept of “copyleft.”
Although Richard looks like an eccentric, the list of awards and contribution to the development of the identity and outlook of software developershackers is impressive.
I propose to use the right to read while it is.
(under the cut - a selection of articles in Russian, one funny fact with password cracking and a picture of Stallman's first computer)
Biography on Wikipedia .
At the age of 10-12 years read the manual for IBM 7094
At MIT, he was part of the hacker team, which was refining, adding new functionality to the operating system developed there. As he himself tells in the Revolution OS documentary, the problems began when, after succumbing to the influence of the outside world, they had to enter passwords on computers.
Stallman believed that security is a joke, and passwords are a way for users to control administrators. He found a way to decode passwords and sent out a letter to all users with a proposal to abandon the password and simply press Enter at the entrance to “restore anonymity”.
20% agreed.
Then the computer science laboratory installed a more complex password system on its computer. Breaking it for Stallman turned out to be difficult, but Stallman had all the necessary skills to learn the coding program, and as he later said: “I found that changing one command word in the program allows you to type your password on the system console, as part of the message, which you see when you log in. ” Since the “system console” was visible to anyone passing by, and its messages could be easily accessed from any terminal, or even printed on paper, Stallman’s changes in the program made it easy for anyone to find out any password. . Stallman himself believed that the result was "just amazing." [ Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution ]
The right to read (a short fantastic story-prophecy)
Dzhinnaya engineering
"Made for You" (not in Russian)
GNU Manifesto
The first publication in Russia about RMS. (1990)
Why programs should not have owners (1994)
GNU and the Free Software Movement (1999)
Inter (acti) view 18: Richard Stallman (2000)
Freedom or slavery? Interview with Richard Stallman . (2004)
Speak, "intellectual property"? Seductive Mirage (2004)
Freedom, Innovation and Convenience: An Interview with Richard Stallman (2004)
At the forefront with Richard Stallman (2007)
WHY GPLV3? (2007)
Translation of an article by Richard Stallman about Bill Gates leaving Microsoft (Habr, 2008)
Stallman criticized the concept of cloud computing (2008)
Richard Stallman vs Web 2.0 (2008)
Richard Stallman. The great philosopher (Habr, 2009)
"Biopiracy or bio-cooperative?"
Free from the word "freedom" (lenta.ru, transcript of Stallman's lecture, December 3, 2011)
Rider Richard Stallman (Habr, 2011)
I got angry and decided to build a world of freedom (Around the World Magazine, April 2012)
“Do not trust neither Facebook, nor Google, nor Microsoft, nor Apple” (MK, 2014)
Lecture by Richard Stallman in Chisinau (Habr, 2014)
Interview with Richard Stallman on Slashdot (2015)
Together with the company Edison we continue the spring marathon of publications.
I will try to get to the primary sources of IT-technologies, to understand how they thought and what concepts were in the minds of the pioneers, what they dreamed about, how they saw the world of the future. Why did you think “computer”, “network”, “hypertext”, “intelligence amplifiers”, “collective problem solving system”, what meaning did they put into these concepts, what tools they wanted to achieve a result.
I hope that these materials will serve as an inspiration for those who are wondering how to go “from Zero to Unit” (to create something that had never happened before). I would like IT and “programming” to stop being just “coding for the sake of dough”, and recall that they were conceived as a lever to change themethods of warfare, education, a way of working together, thinking and communication, as an attempt to solve world problems and answer facing humanity. Something like this.
0 March. Seymour papert
March 1. Xerox alto
March 2, "Call Jake." NIC and RFC history
March 3, Grace "Grandma COBOL" Hopper
March 4 Margaret Hamilton: "Guys, I'll send you to the moon"
March 5, Hedy Lamarr. And in the movie naked to play and torpedo the bullet into the enemy
March 7 Gorgeous Six: girls who had a thermonuclear explosion calculated
March 8, "Video Games, I'm your father!"
March 9th Happy Birthday to Jeff Raskin
March 14 Joseph "Lick" Liclider: "Intergalactic computer network" and "Symbiosis of man and computer"
March 15 Vanivar Bush: “How We Can Think” (As We May Think)
March 16th Happy birthday, Richard Stallman
Eric Raymond about Richard Stallman
')
- Freedom to run the program for any purpose (freedom 0)
- Freedom to study the device of the program and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). This involves accessing the source code of the program.
- Freedom to distribute the program, having the opportunity to help others (freedom 2).
- Freedom to improve the program and publish improvements, in favor of the whole community (freedom 3). This involves accessing the source code of the program.
Today is the birthday of the “last true hacker,” Richard Stallman, “the eternal student,” the software liberator and the ideologist of free software (not to be confused with Open Software ), the creator of GNU, the author of the concept of “copyleft.”
Although Richard looks like an eccentric, the list of awards and contribution to the development of the identity and outlook of software developers
Awards
- 1986: Honorary lifetime membership of the Chalmers University of Technology Computer Society
- 1990: Exceptional merit award MacArthur Fellowship ("genius grant")
- 1990: The EMACS (Editing Macros) Association for Computing Machinery's Grace Murray Hopper Award
- 1996: Honorary doctorate from Sweden's Royal Institute of Technology
- 1998: Electronic Frontier Foundation's Pioneer award
- 1999: Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award
- 2001: The Takeda Techno-Entrepreneurship Award for Social / Economic Well-Being (ć¦ç”° ç ”ç©¶ 奨 励 čłž)
- 2001: Honorary doctorate, from the University of Glasgow
- 2002: United States National Academy of Engineering membership
- 2003: Honorary doctorate, from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 2004: Honorary doctorate, from the Universidad Nacional de Salta
- 2004: Honorary professorship, from the Universidad Nacional de IngenierĂa del PerĂş
- 2007: Honorary professorship, from the Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
- 2007: First Premio Internacional Extremadura al Conocimiento Libre
- 2007: Honorary doctorate, from the Universidad de Los Angeles de Chimbote
- 2007: Honorary doctorate, from the University of Pavia
- 2008: Honorary doctorate from the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, in Peru
- 2009: Honorary doctorate, from Lakehead University
- 2011: Honorary doctorate, from National University of CĂłrdoba
- 2012: Honorary professorship, from the Universidad CĂ©sar Vallejo de Trujillo, in Peru
- 2012: Honorary doctorate, from the Universidad Latinoamericana Cima de Tacna, in Peru
- 2012: Honorary doctorate, from the Universidad José Faustino Sanchez Carrió, in Peru
- 2014: Honorary doctorate, from Concordia University, in Montréal
I propose to use the right to read while it is.
(under the cut - a selection of articles in Russian, one funny fact with password cracking and a picture of Stallman's first computer)
Biography on Wikipedia .
At the age of 10-12 years read the manual for IBM 7094
At MIT, he was part of the hacker team, which was refining, adding new functionality to the operating system developed there. As he himself tells in the Revolution OS documentary, the problems began when, after succumbing to the influence of the outside world, they had to enter passwords on computers.
Stallman believed that security is a joke, and passwords are a way for users to control administrators. He found a way to decode passwords and sent out a letter to all users with a proposal to abandon the password and simply press Enter at the entrance to “restore anonymity”.
“I see that you have chosen a password [such and such]. I assume that you can switch to the carriage return password. It is much easier to type, and this is consistent with the principle that there should be no passwords here. ”
20% agreed.
Then the computer science laboratory installed a more complex password system on its computer. Breaking it for Stallman turned out to be difficult, but Stallman had all the necessary skills to learn the coding program, and as he later said: “I found that changing one command word in the program allows you to type your password on the system console, as part of the message, which you see when you log in. ” Since the “system console” was visible to anyone passing by, and its messages could be easily accessed from any terminal, or even printed on paper, Stallman’s changes in the program made it easy for anyone to find out any password. . Stallman himself believed that the result was "just amazing." [ Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution ]
Rsskazy
The right to read (a short fantastic story-prophecy)
Danger of e-books
Richard Stallman, President of the Free Software Foundation (Free Software Foundation), published on his website an article entitled “The Danger of Electronic Books” (“The Danger of E-books”). In it, he compares printed and electronic books. So, for printed books it is characteristic:
* You can buy in cash, anonymously;
* You are not required to sign licenses that will limit your use;
* The format is known, no patented technologies are required to read the book;
* You can physically copy / scan books (and this is sometimes under copyright law);
* No one has the right to destroy your book.
Richard Stallman cites Amazon’s typical e-book distribution terms:
* The user needs to identify himself to get the book;
* The user may be required to accept restrictive licenses for the use of electronic books;
* The format can be classified, and working with it is possible only with the help of proprietary software;
* The copying of books can be imposed as software limitations (DRM), and legal (licensing policy), which are often more significant than for traditional books;
* Amazon can remotely delete a book (as, for example, in 2009, when thousands of copies of George Orwell’s 1984 novel were deleted).
Thus, e-books have much more restrictions than printed ones. According to Richard Stallman, it is necessary to abandon their use until manufacturers respect the freedom of users. And although companies claim that a stronger restriction of user rights is necessary to support authors, in fact such a copyright system is much better suited to support companies themselves. There are other ways to support authors:
* Distribute funds based on the "cubic root" of the popularity of the authors;
* Ensure the possibility of sending anonymous voluntary payments to authors.
[ original , source ]
* You can buy in cash, anonymously;
* You are not required to sign licenses that will limit your use;
* The format is known, no patented technologies are required to read the book;
* You can physically copy / scan books (and this is sometimes under copyright law);
* No one has the right to destroy your book.
Richard Stallman cites Amazon’s typical e-book distribution terms:
* The user needs to identify himself to get the book;
* The user may be required to accept restrictive licenses for the use of electronic books;
* The format can be classified, and working with it is possible only with the help of proprietary software;
* The copying of books can be imposed as software limitations (DRM), and legal (licensing policy), which are often more significant than for traditional books;
* Amazon can remotely delete a book (as, for example, in 2009, when thousands of copies of George Orwell’s 1984 novel were deleted).
Thus, e-books have much more restrictions than printed ones. According to Richard Stallman, it is necessary to abandon their use until manufacturers respect the freedom of users. And although companies claim that a stronger restriction of user rights is necessary to support authors, in fact such a copyright system is much better suited to support companies themselves. There are other ways to support authors:
* Distribute funds based on the "cubic root" of the popularity of the authors;
* Ensure the possibility of sending anonymous voluntary payments to authors.
[ original , source ]
Dzhinnaya engineering
"Made for You" (not in Russian)
Articles
GNU Manifesto
The first publication in Russia about RMS. (1990)
Why programs should not have owners (1994)
GNU and the Free Software Movement (1999)
Inter (acti) view 18: Richard Stallman (2000)
Freedom or slavery? Interview with Richard Stallman . (2004)
Speak, "intellectual property"? Seductive Mirage (2004)
Freedom, Innovation and Convenience: An Interview with Richard Stallman (2004)
At the forefront with Richard Stallman (2007)
WHY GPLV3? (2007)
Translation of an article by Richard Stallman about Bill Gates leaving Microsoft (Habr, 2008)
Stallman criticized the concept of cloud computing (2008)
Richard Stallman vs Web 2.0 (2008)
Richard Stallman. The great philosopher (Habr, 2009)
"Biopiracy or bio-cooperative?"
Free from the word "freedom" (lenta.ru, transcript of Stallman's lecture, December 3, 2011)
Rider Richard Stallman (Habr, 2011)
I got angry and decided to build a world of freedom (Around the World Magazine, April 2012)
“Do not trust neither Facebook, nor Google, nor Microsoft, nor Apple” (MK, 2014)
Lecture by Richard Stallman in Chisinau (Habr, 2014)
Interview with Richard Stallman on Slashdot (2015)
Together with the company Edison we continue the spring marathon of publications.
I will try to get to the primary sources of IT-technologies, to understand how they thought and what concepts were in the minds of the pioneers, what they dreamed about, how they saw the world of the future. Why did you think “computer”, “network”, “hypertext”, “intelligence amplifiers”, “collective problem solving system”, what meaning did they put into these concepts, what tools they wanted to achieve a result.
I hope that these materials will serve as an inspiration for those who are wondering how to go “from Zero to Unit” (to create something that had never happened before). I would like IT and “programming” to stop being just “coding for the sake of dough”, and recall that they were conceived as a lever to change the
0 March. Seymour papert
March 1. Xerox alto
March 2, "Call Jake." NIC and RFC history
March 3, Grace "Grandma COBOL" Hopper
March 4 Margaret Hamilton: "Guys, I'll send you to the moon"
March 5, Hedy Lamarr. And in the movie naked to play and torpedo the bullet into the enemy
March 7 Gorgeous Six: girls who had a thermonuclear explosion calculated
March 8, "Video Games, I'm your father!"
March 9th Happy Birthday to Jeff Raskin
March 14 Joseph "Lick" Liclider: "Intergalactic computer network" and "Symbiosis of man and computer"
March 15 Vanivar Bush: “How We Can Think” (As We May Think)
March 16th Happy birthday, Richard Stallman
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/279451/
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