The fastest supercomputers in the world

How many computers are there, just as many of their super-relatives. Today, the article will discuss the "super-family", or more simply, the 10 most powerful computers in the world. Who will be the winner?

At the tenth position is the mysterious Storm CS Cray (Mystery) shrouded in a haze of obscurity.

It is located in the United States. Its exact location and purpose of existence are unknown, since it is not only a supercomputer, but also a super-secret object.
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Providing 2386.42 megaflops per watt of power, this supercomputer is considered the most energy efficient. The rated power is 3.57 petaflops. This complex uses Intel Xeon E5-2660v2 10C 2.2 GHz processors, and the total number of cores is 72800.

Ninth on the list is Vulcan supercomputer

IBM supercomputer from Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, USA. Began its existence in 2013. Used in the work of various scientific projects Livermore's High Performance Computing (HPC) Innovation Center, which in turn academically cooperates with the Administration on Nuclear Safety.



Racks: 24
Kernels: 393216
Productivity Linpack (Rmax): 4293.31 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 5033.16 TFlop / s
Power: 1972.00 kW
Memory: 393216 GB
Processor: Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz
Interconnect: Custom Interconnect
OS: Linux

Eighth place for several years in a row (since 2012) is occupied by JUQUEEN

It was developed by IBM specifically for the Research Center Julich, Germany. This supercomputer, based on Blue Gene / P, successfully replaced its predecessor JUBL, which was created on a more ancient architecture.



At the time of activation, JUQUEEN became the second most powerful supercomputer in the world.

Racks: 28
Kernels: 458752
Productivity Linpack (Rmax): 5008.86 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 5872.03 TFlop / s
Power: 2301.00 kW
Memory: 458752 GB
Processor: Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz
Interconnect: Custom Interconnect
OS: Linux

Seventh position - Stampede

Again come from the USA. Or rather, from the Texas Center for Advanced Computing, University of Texas at Austin. Stampede is the brainchild of Dell.



Racks: 182
Kernels: 462462
Productivity Linpack (Rmax): 5168.11 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 8520.11 TFlop / s
Power: 4510.00 kW
Memory: 192192 GB
Processor: Xeon E5-2680 8C 2.7GHz
Interconnect: Infiniband FDR
OS: Linux
Compiler: Intel
Math Library: MKL
MPI (messaging interface): MVAPICH2

Piz Daint (Switzerland) is in sixth place

Launched in November 2013 in the Swiss city of Lugano. Located at the Swiss National Supercomputing Center (Swiss National Supercomputing Center / CSCS), founded back in 1991. Used for a large number of different projects, mainly in the field of computer modeling. Piz Daint was created by Cray Inc.



Kernels: 115984
Performance Linpack (Rmax): 6271 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 7788.85 TFlop / s
Power: 2325.00 kW
Processor: Xeon E5-2670 8C 2.6GHz
Interconnect: Aries interconnect
OS: Cray Linux Environment

At number five we have Mira

Mira is an IBM Blue Gene / Q supercomputer located in the Argonne Leadership Computing building. Equipped with 786432 cores, 768 terabytes of memory and has a peak performance of 10 petaflops. 49152 compute nodes are equipped with a 1600 MHz PowerPC A2 processor containing 16 cores with 4 hardware threads each. The processor frequency is 1.6 GHz. 16 gigabytes of DDR3 memory. The seventeenth core is used for communication between libraries.



The 5D interconnect configuration from IBM with a chip-to-chip connection speed of 2 Gb / s combines nodes, which significantly increases the computational capabilities by reducing the average number of intermediate nodes and delays between computing nodes. Blue Gene / Q also has a system of 4 floating point units (FPU), which can be used to perform scalar floating point calculations, 4-dimensional CMMD instructions (single command flow, multiple data flow) or 2-dimensional complex arithmetic computation OKMD. These floating-point operations (FPU) modules provide higher computational performance per linear stream for some applications.

Mira provides access to the GPFS file system with a capacity of 24 PB and a bandwidth of 240 Gb / s. Users will also have access to HPSS data archives and Tukey, a new analysis and visualization cluster. All of the above resources are available for use through high-speed networks, including ESnet, recently upgraded to 100 Gb / s.

Racks: 48
Kernels: 786432
Performance Linpack (Rmax): 8586.61 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 10066.3 TFlop / s
Power: 3945.00 kW
Memory: 768000 GB
Processor: Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz
Interconnect: 5D Torus Proprietary Network
OS: Linux

Fourth place K Computer

Supercomputer from the company Fujitsu, launched in 2011. Located at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Kobe City, Japan.



Racks: 864
Kernels: 705024
Performance Linpack (Rmax): 10510 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 11280.4 TFlop / s
Power: 12659.89 kW
Memory: 1410048 GB
Processor: SPARC64 VIIIfx 8C 2GHz
Interconnect: Custom Interconnect
OS: Linux

Closes the top three of Sequoia

Supercomputer, created by IBM in June 2012. Used by the National Nuclear Security Administration for the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program.



Racks: 96
Kernels: 1572864
Productivity Linpack (Rmax): 17173.2 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 20132.7 TFlop / s
Power: 7890.00 kW
Memory: 1572864 GB
Processor: Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz
Interconnect: Custom Interconnect
OS: Linux

Titan comes second

Supercomputer manufactured by Cray Inc. in October 2012. Titan has become an update to the previous Jaguar supercomputer. Located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee (Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA). For the most part, Titan's power is used for the US Department of Energy's Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment program (INCITE). This supercomputer was positioned as an apparatus for processing any projects, however, due to the large number of applications, it was decided to limit their number to 6. Among them: the processes of combustion of fuel, the science of materials, atomic energy and climate change.



Kernels: 560640
Performance Linpack (Rmax): 17590 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 27112.5 TFlop / s
Power: 8209.00 kW
Memory: 710144 GB
Processor: Opteron 6274 16C 2.2GHz
Interconnect: Cray Gemini interconnect
OS: Cray Linux Environment

First places are headed by Tianhe-2 (China)

Stereotypes have developed that in the Middle Kingdom all the cheapest and lowest quality, this is not always the case.
The Tianhe-2 supercomputer, designed by Inspur in conjunction with the Defense Science and Technology University of the People’s Liberation Army of the People’s Republic of China, was launched in 2013. The construction of this giant cost 200-300 million dollars. More than 1,300 scientists and engineers worked on the creation of Tianhe-2, which means "Milky Way-2".

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Racks: 125
Cores: 3120000
Productivity Linpack (Rmax): 33862.7 TFlop / s
Theoretical peak performance: 54902.4 TFlop / s
Power: 17808.00 kW
Memory: 1024000 GB
Interconnect: TH Express-2
OS: Kylin Linux
Compiler: icc
Mathematical Library: Intel MKL-11.0.0
MPI (messaging interface): MPICH2 with a customized GLEX Channel