Step 9. Install programs
From time to time there are new tasks or the need to solve old problems in new ways - then there is a need for additional software. What if you need a new program for Linux? I will try to describe a certain algorithm.
1. You need to understand what kind of solution you need. For this you can use search engines. Form a query about your problem and choose the appropriate solutions.
2. Now it is necessary to understand which program will allow us to solve this problem. In Linux, there are a large number of analogues of the same programs, and among them it is necessary to choose the best one according to your important criteria, for example: functionality, speed, convenience, security, free of charge. We are also looking for a program in a search engine, but we are already forming a request for a specific solution to the problem.
3. After we have already chosen a specific program - you can begin to search for it. Open Synaptic and using the search form trying to find the right application. Along with it, we can find many extensions and additional modules. Putting all you need is the best option. Applications in repositories are usually tested and workable.
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If the application is not found in the repository, you can proceed in two ways - either look for its counterpart, which is present in the repository, or find this application outside of the repositories:
1. Find the official website of the application and try to find the .deb package there (We have Ubuntu Linux - its package system is based on the deb format). If such a package is on the official website, then download it and install it.
2. If the .deb package is not on the official website, then we are looking for it in a search engine (besides the author, other people could compile a deb-package for the application for convenience). The request might look like this: “xneur deb” or “gimp deb”.
3. If we are unlucky and the program is so rare that there is no deb package for it, then we look in what form it is distributed.
Often applications are distributed in tar.gz archives. This format is not so convenient in Ubuntu, since it is not a package, but simply an archive, which can contain both source codes and compiled applications and libraries.
Installing from tar.gz:
1. Unpack the archive in a separate directory.
2. If there is an executable file, we launch and use it; if not, we read the “Compilation” section.
SVN - Subversion. This is a version control system that stores the source code of applications, especially Open Source.
1. Create a directory for our application.
2. Open the terminal in the directory (cd 'path / to / directories');
3. Download the source code:
4. We read the section "Compilation".
CVS - Concurrent Versions System. This is also a version control system code.
1. Create a directory for our application.
2. Open the terminal in the directory (cd 'path / to / directories');
3. Download the source code:
4. We read the section "Compilation".
rpm packages are not native to ubuntu. There is an alien utility with which you can install as usual (sudo apt-get install alien). With its help, you can convert the rpm-package to the deb-package. Very easy to use:
And in the directory with the rpm-package will appear the deb-package. And we will easily install it.
1. Open the terminal in the directory with our application (cd 'path / to / directory');
2. View information about configuring the application:
We look at the output and decide with which parameters to configure. If this command gives an error, then there is no configurator. If the configurator is present - we configure:
You can run this command with no arguments — there will be a standard configuration.
There may be errors during configuration - usually a lack of modules. In case of errors, immediately go to the search engine and look for a solution.
3. Compile the application:
There may be errors during the compilation. In case of errors, the search engine will help you again.
After compilation we get a ready-made executable file, which in most cases can be launched and used.
4. Installation.
If the application requires installation, then execute it (we need administrator rights - we recall the sudo command):
This command will copy the application files to the required system directories.
5. We use the application.
Applications installed in this way can be removed with difficulty. Therefore, I advise you to read about the program checkinstall.
To keep abreast of my articles, you can subscribe to the RSS feed.
Everyone can help the development of this series of articles, to share their experiences. Welcome to: http://www.linuxman.ru . All changes to the wiki, I will eventually transfer to Habr.
Guide: Step Back , Contents
1. You need to understand what kind of solution you need. For this you can use search engines. Form a query about your problem and choose the appropriate solutions.
2. Now it is necessary to understand which program will allow us to solve this problem. In Linux, there are a large number of analogues of the same programs, and among them it is necessary to choose the best one according to your important criteria, for example: functionality, speed, convenience, security, free of charge. We are also looking for a program in a search engine, but we are already forming a request for a specific solution to the problem.
3. After we have already chosen a specific program - you can begin to search for it. Open Synaptic and using the search form trying to find the right application. Along with it, we can find many extensions and additional modules. Putting all you need is the best option. Applications in repositories are usually tested and workable.
')
If the application is not found in the repository, you can proceed in two ways - either look for its counterpart, which is present in the repository, or find this application outside of the repositories:
1. Find the official website of the application and try to find the .deb package there (We have Ubuntu Linux - its package system is based on the deb format). If such a package is on the official website, then download it and install it.
2. If the .deb package is not on the official website, then we are looking for it in a search engine (besides the author, other people could compile a deb-package for the application for convenience). The request might look like this: “xneur deb” or “gimp deb”.
3. If we are unlucky and the program is so rare that there is no deb package for it, then we look in what form it is distributed.
Installing an application from tar.gz
Often applications are distributed in tar.gz archives. This format is not so convenient in Ubuntu, since it is not a package, but simply an archive, which can contain both source codes and compiled applications and libraries.
Installing from tar.gz:
1. Unpack the archive in a separate directory.
2. If there is an executable file, we launch and use it; if not, we read the “Compilation” section.
Installing an application from SVN
SVN - Subversion. This is a version control system that stores the source code of applications, especially Open Source.
1. Create a directory for our application.
2. Open the terminal in the directory (cd 'path / to / directories');
3. Download the source code:
svn co (SVN-)4. We read the section "Compilation".
Installing an application from CVS
CVS - Concurrent Versions System. This is also a version control system code.
1. Create a directory for our application.
2. Open the terminal in the directory (cd 'path / to / directories');
3. Download the source code:
cvs -z3 -d (CVS-) co ./4. We read the section "Compilation".
Installing an application from RPM
rpm packages are not native to ubuntu. There is an alien utility with which you can install as usual (sudo apt-get install alien). With its help, you can convert the rpm-package to the deb-package. Very easy to use:
alien .rpmAnd in the directory with the rpm-package will appear the deb-package. And we will easily install it.
Compilation
1. Open the terminal in the directory with our application (cd 'path / to / directory');
2. View information about configuring the application:
./configure --helpWe look at the output and decide with which parameters to configure. If this command gives an error, then there is no configurator. If the configurator is present - we configure:
./configure ()You can run this command with no arguments — there will be a standard configuration.
There may be errors during configuration - usually a lack of modules. In case of errors, immediately go to the search engine and look for a solution.
3. Compile the application:
makeThere may be errors during the compilation. In case of errors, the search engine will help you again.
After compilation we get a ready-made executable file, which in most cases can be launched and used.
4. Installation.
If the application requires installation, then execute it (we need administrator rights - we recall the sudo command):
make installThis command will copy the application files to the required system directories.
5. We use the application.
Applications installed in this way can be removed with difficulty. Therefore, I advise you to read about the program checkinstall.
To keep abreast of my articles, you can subscribe to the RSS feed.
Everyone can help the development of this series of articles, to share their experiences. Welcome to: http://www.linuxman.ru . All changes to the wiki, I will eventually transfer to Habr.
Guide: Step Back , Contents
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/22066/
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