Domestic television game console "Astra" - greetings from the 90s
It's time to get old woman Astra from the attic and tell a little about her, look inside.
So, "Astra" . The kit consisted of: the main block keyboard, the electronics gaming manipulator, a power supply unit, several connecting wires, a pair of reels with games (after some time they were copied to audio tapes), an instruction manual, a brochure with a description of Basic commands and examples of commands all sorts of different programs.
Computing unit.
Represents the "touch" keyboard of those years. The contact of the buttons was closed by pushing the top surface. It should be noted that this is not the best keyboard for programming, but it looked very unusual. Most of the “keys” have 5-6 values, and sometimes it took quite a long time to find the desired value from the code. Pushes have been sounded through TV. I would also like to note that the TV "Birch" had to be upgraded to make it possible to use the console.
Inside, they are waiting for us: a Zilog Z80 processor , two K573RF4A RPZUs (about this device with macrophotographs below) and a dozen four logic. I got an Astra at seven, and the K573RF4A already attracted by its appearance.
')
Zilog Z80 - an eight-bit microprocessor with a clock frequency of 2.5 MHz ( Wiki )
K573RF4A - Reprogrammable ROM. Erasing of information occurs with the help of ultraviolet radiation (up to 20 minutes of irradiation), recording and programming - with electricity. Volume K573RF4A - 64 kilobits (more: characteristics and mechanism )
Game Manipulator - "Electronics".
Made in the domestic style;) with a domestic connector. The same connector was used for the TV.
Implemented on reed switches. Lever on the spring hinge, which ensures a return to the neutral position. Magnetic ring at the base of the lever.
For direct directions (left, right, up, down) one reed switch is used for each, for diagonal (left-down, etc.) for some reason two. Perhaps to trigger in narrower positions of the lever.
A couple of years after Astra (1990-1991), the consoles Dendy, Sega, and others began to appear. Someone would recall gaming clubs with similar consoles such as Astra (Spectrum and other analogs). Surely, the most popular game in these clubs were airplanes. The games were different, for the most part - arcades, rarely there were “three-dimensional” arcades, and, of course, old Pacman. From the examples of the programs presented in the manual, there were all sorts of colorful animations, all sorts of divers, who descended to the bottom of the sea (I can’t find a book, I would make a couple of photos).
Astra gathered at the Small Enterprise "ROBOT" in Minsk
Let's return to the device K573RF4A
Engineering beauty ...
It has already been written above that the K573RF4A is a reprogrammable 64 Kbit (8k x 8) Permanent Storage Device with ultraviolet erasure and electrical information recording.
Contains 169579 integral elements
It has eight-bit organization, with simultaneous reading of 8 bits.
The letter size is roughly roughly 58 microns. What this label means, I did not find on the network. RF86P or RFVBP.
The structure of the storage matrix with memory cells :
Excerpt from the lecture :
Ultraviolet erasure ROM is based on a memory matrix of memory-based memory, the internal structure of which is shown in the following figure:
The cell is a MOS transistor, in which the gate is made of polycrystalline silicon. Then, in the process of manufacturing a chip, this gate is oxidized and as a result it will be surrounded by silicon oxide, a dielectric with excellent insulating properties. In the described cell, when the ROM is completely erased, there is no charge in the floating gate, and therefore the transistor does not conduct current. When programming the microcircuit on the second gate, located above the floating gate, high voltage is applied and charges are induced into the floating gate due to the tunnel effect. After removing the programming voltage on the floating gate, the induced charge remains and, therefore, the transistor remains in the conducting state. The charge on the floating gate can be stored for decades. The block diagram of the permanent storage device does not differ from the masked ROM described earlier. Only instead of the jumper the cell described above is used. In reprogrammable ROM, erasing previously recorded information is carried out by ultraviolet radiation. In order for this light to pass unhindered to the semiconductor crystal, a window made of quartz glass is embedded in the microchip body.
Upon irradiation of the microcircuit, the insulating properties of silicon oxide are lost and the accumulated charge from the floating gate flows into the volume of the semiconductor and the storage cell transistor goes into the closed state. The erase time of the chip ranges from 10 to 30 minutes.
The number of write cycles - erasing microcircuits is in the range from 10 to 100 times, after which the microcircuit fails. This is due to the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. These chips most often store the BIOS programs of universal computers.
From different angles of illumination you can consider multi-level routes of the tracks.
Microelectronics, of course.
Thank.
So, "Astra" . The kit consisted of: the main block keyboard, the electronics gaming manipulator, a power supply unit, several connecting wires, a pair of reels with games (after some time they were copied to audio tapes), an instruction manual, a brochure with a description of Basic commands and examples of commands all sorts of different programs.
Computing unit.
Represents the "touch" keyboard of those years. The contact of the buttons was closed by pushing the top surface. It should be noted that this is not the best keyboard for programming, but it looked very unusual. Most of the “keys” have 5-6 values, and sometimes it took quite a long time to find the desired value from the code. Pushes have been sounded through TV. I would also like to note that the TV "Birch" had to be upgraded to make it possible to use the console.
Inside, they are waiting for us: a Zilog Z80 processor , two K573RF4A RPZUs (about this device with macrophotographs below) and a dozen four logic. I got an Astra at seven, and the K573RF4A already attracted by its appearance.
')
Zilog Z80 - an eight-bit microprocessor with a clock frequency of 2.5 MHz ( Wiki )
K573RF4A - Reprogrammable ROM. Erasing of information occurs with the help of ultraviolet radiation (up to 20 minutes of irradiation), recording and programming - with electricity. Volume K573RF4A - 64 kilobits (more: characteristics and mechanism )
Game Manipulator - "Electronics".
Made in the domestic style;) with a domestic connector. The same connector was used for the TV.
Implemented on reed switches. Lever on the spring hinge, which ensures a return to the neutral position. Magnetic ring at the base of the lever.
For direct directions (left, right, up, down) one reed switch is used for each, for diagonal (left-down, etc.) for some reason two. Perhaps to trigger in narrower positions of the lever.
A couple of years after Astra (1990-1991), the consoles Dendy, Sega, and others began to appear. Someone would recall gaming clubs with similar consoles such as Astra (Spectrum and other analogs). Surely, the most popular game in these clubs were airplanes. The games were different, for the most part - arcades, rarely there were “three-dimensional” arcades, and, of course, old Pacman. From the examples of the programs presented in the manual, there were all sorts of colorful animations, all sorts of divers, who descended to the bottom of the sea (I can’t find a book, I would make a couple of photos).
Astra gathered at the Small Enterprise "ROBOT" in Minsk
Let's return to the device K573RF4A
Engineering beauty ...
It has already been written above that the K573RF4A is a reprogrammable 64 Kbit (8k x 8) Permanent Storage Device with ultraviolet erasure and electrical information recording.
Contains 169579 integral elements
It has eight-bit organization, with simultaneous reading of 8 bits.
The letter size is roughly roughly 58 microns. What this label means, I did not find on the network. RF86P or RFVBP.
The structure of the storage matrix with memory cells :
Excerpt from the lecture :
Ultraviolet erasure ROM is based on a memory matrix of memory-based memory, the internal structure of which is shown in the following figure:
The cell is a MOS transistor, in which the gate is made of polycrystalline silicon. Then, in the process of manufacturing a chip, this gate is oxidized and as a result it will be surrounded by silicon oxide, a dielectric with excellent insulating properties. In the described cell, when the ROM is completely erased, there is no charge in the floating gate, and therefore the transistor does not conduct current. When programming the microcircuit on the second gate, located above the floating gate, high voltage is applied and charges are induced into the floating gate due to the tunnel effect. After removing the programming voltage on the floating gate, the induced charge remains and, therefore, the transistor remains in the conducting state. The charge on the floating gate can be stored for decades. The block diagram of the permanent storage device does not differ from the masked ROM described earlier. Only instead of the jumper the cell described above is used. In reprogrammable ROM, erasing previously recorded information is carried out by ultraviolet radiation. In order for this light to pass unhindered to the semiconductor crystal, a window made of quartz glass is embedded in the microchip body.
Upon irradiation of the microcircuit, the insulating properties of silicon oxide are lost and the accumulated charge from the floating gate flows into the volume of the semiconductor and the storage cell transistor goes into the closed state. The erase time of the chip ranges from 10 to 30 minutes.
The number of write cycles - erasing microcircuits is in the range from 10 to 100 times, after which the microcircuit fails. This is due to the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. These chips most often store the BIOS programs of universal computers.
From different angles of illumination you can consider multi-level routes of the tracks.
Microelectronics, of course.
Thank.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/214475/
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