Wireless communications "smart home". Part two, practical
After writing a couple of big posts about “radioed” smart home, there were quite a few people who wanted to get code that would help deal with this topic in more detail.
For some reason I didn’t want to post my original version of the code - I prepared a “lightweight” version that would explain my main ideas.
In order to make the post the most spectacular and useful, today we are implementing a home mini-system (clock, calendar, weather, monitoring battery charge levels in sensors, etc.) consisting of one “main” module (with a large LED matrix in as an indicator), two autonomous sensors (will measure the temperature) and a time synchronization module via NTP.
First, a brief talk about the components of the project:
Expansion card for Arduino Mega (there will be a separate post about the process of its creation, but a little later). This extension allows you to control the output of information on four 8x8 bicolor LED arrays, forming a single 32x8 field (the resolution is small, but the inscriptions are quite large).
Additionally, the board has:
The module was developed "from what was" and made as simple as possible for users. The display unit is built on well-known shift registers (74HD595D - LED control "in columns") and a demultiplexer (74HD138D - control "rows"). Naturally, dynamic display is used.
In order to make it even easier to use - a library was written with basic primitives (“display a line”, “creeping line”, brightness adjustment, there are several effects).
The shield itself does not contain an MK, you need to connect an “Arduino Mega” or a compatible clone to it (I used one ).
Shield MaTrix scheme is available by reference .
')
This is an arduino-compatible module built on the Atmega328 base, powered by one CR2032 lithium battery, having an on-board temperature sensor (MCP9700), a button, an LED, and three connectors for connecting possible extensions (sensors, etc.).
From the sensor features:
About the development of this module, too, I will write an article, if there is interest among readers.
In our case, to save the battery, we will use the MK with clocking from the internal oscillator at a frequency of 8 MHz and “ask” the MK to continue operating at reduced voltage (from 1.8V). To do this, in the boards.txt file, add the following lines:
UPD: 2.4. 1.8 1. :
— , . , Arduino . avrdude ( avrdude GUI — ).
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For some reason I didn’t want to post my original version of the code - I prepared a “lightweight” version that would explain my main ideas.
In order to make the post the most spectacular and useful, today we are implementing a home mini-system (clock, calendar, weather, monitoring battery charge levels in sensors, etc.) consisting of one “main” module (with a large LED matrix in as an indicator), two autonomous sensors (will measure the temperature) and a time synchronization module via NTP.
First, a brief talk about the components of the project:
Shield MaTrix
Expansion card for Arduino Mega (there will be a separate post about the process of its creation, but a little later). This extension allows you to control the output of information on four 8x8 bicolor LED arrays, forming a single 32x8 field (the resolution is small, but the inscriptions are quite large).
Additionally, the board has:
- Integrated clock module (RTC) - based on DS1307 with backup battery (CR1220 or CR1226)
- Interface for connecting the RF module nRF24L01 +
- Clock button (for example, to turn off the alarm sound)
- 38 kHz IR receiver (for remote control)
- Wiring for connecting an RGB LED with a common cathode or anode (the choice is made by jumper)
- Light sensor (for example, to automatically adjust the brightness)
- Piezo emitter "squeaker"
- I2C interface
- xBee interface
- Interface to connect Arduino-shildov.
The module was developed "from what was" and made as simple as possible for users. The display unit is built on well-known shift registers (74HD595D - LED control "in columns") and a demultiplexer (74HD138D - control "rows"). Naturally, dynamic display is used.
In order to make it even easier to use - a library was written with basic primitives (“display a line”, “creeping line”, brightness adjustment, there are several effects).
The shield itself does not contain an MK, you need to connect an “Arduino Mega” or a compatible clone to it (I used one ).
Shield MaTrix scheme is available by reference .
')
Sensor node
This is an arduino-compatible module built on the Atmega328 base, powered by one CR2032 lithium battery, having an on-board temperature sensor (MCP9700), a button, an LED, and three connectors for connecting possible extensions (sensors, etc.).
From the sensor features:
- Board size - 3x4 cm.
- Two nRF24L01 + power options: the module is powered continuously or taken from one of the digital pins (the choice is made by a jumper).
- Programming via ISP or FT232 based programmer (or similar) from the Arduino environment.
- There is a voltage divider (for measuring the supply voltage)
- Two digital pins are output to the “Digital” connector (power is also present in the connector).
- Two analog pins - to the “Analog” connector (there is also power).
- The I2C bus is a separate corresponding connector (also with power).
- MK clocking is possible both with the help of a 16 MHz quartz resonator installed on the board, and with the help of the built-in oscillator (this is, of course, not a “trick” of a particular module, but simply the capabilities of atmega328).
About the development of this module, too, I will write an article, if there is interest among readers.
In our case, to save the battery, we will use the MK with clocking from the internal oscillator at a frequency of 8 MHz and “ask” the MK to continue operating at reduced voltage (from 1.8V). To do this, in the boards.txt file, add the following lines:
s328o8.name=Sensor328 (int8MHz, 1.8V)
s328o8.upload.protocol=arduino
s328o8.upload.maximum_size=30720
s328o8.upload.speed=19200
s328o8.bootloader.low_fuses=0xe2
s328o8.bootloader.high_fuses=0xda
s328o8.bootloader.extended_fuses=0x06
s328o8.bootloader.path=atmega
s328o8.bootloader.file=ATmegaBOOT_168_atmega328_pro_8MHz.hex
s328o8.bootloader.unlock_bits=0x3F
s328o8.bootloader.lock_bits=0x0F
s328o8.build.mcu=atmega328p
s328o8.build.f_cpu=8000000L
s328o8.build.core=arduino
s328o8.build.variant=standard
UPD: 2.4. 1.8 1. :
s328o1.name=Sensor328p (int1MHz, 1.8V)
s328o1.upload.protocol=arduino
s328o1.upload.maximum_size=30720
s328o1.upload.speed=19200
s328o1.bootloader.low_fuses=0x62
s328o1.bootloader.high_fuses=0xda
s328o1.bootloader.extended_fuses=0x06
s328o1.bootloader.path=atmega
s328o1.bootloader.file=ATmegaBOOT_168_atmega328_pro_8MHz.hex
s328o1.bootloader.unlock_bits=0x3F
s328o1.bootloader.lock_bits=0x0F
s328o1.build.mcu=atmega328p
s328o1.build.f_cpu=1000000L
s328o1.build.core=arduino
s328o1.build.variant=standard
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typedef struct{
int SensorID; //
int ParamID; //
float ParamValue; //
char Comment[16]; //
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(SensorID): Shield MaTrix — 100, Sensor Node 1 (SN1 — «») — 200, SN2 («») — 300, iBoard — 900.
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Parameter MySensors[NumSensors+1] = { // ( )
NumSensors, "SN1 (in)", // ""
0, "TempIN, C", //
0, "VCC, V", // ( )
0, "BATT" // , (0 - "", 1 - "")
};
Message sensor;
«»:
Parameter MySensors[NumSensors+1] = { // ( )
NumSensors, "SN1 (in&out)", // ""
0, "TempIN, C", //
0, "VCC, V", // ( )
0, "BATT", // , (0 - "", 1 - "")
0, "TempOUT, C" //
};
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long readVcc() {
// Read 1.1V reference against AVcc
// set the reference to Vcc and the measurement to the internal 1.1V reference
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__)
ADMUX = _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX4) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1);
#elif defined (__AVR_ATtiny24__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny44__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny84__)
ADMUX = _BV(MUX5) | _BV(MUX0);
#elif defined (__AVR_ATtiny25__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__)
ADMUX = _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2);
#else
ADMUX = _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1);
#endif
delay(75); // Wait for Vref to settle
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC); // Start conversion
while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA,ADSC)); // measuring
uint8_t low = ADCL; // must read ADCL first - it then locks ADCH
uint8_t high = ADCH; // unlocks both
long result = (high<<8) | low;
result = 1125300L / result; // Calculate Vcc (in mV); 1125300 = 1.1*1023*1000
return result; // Vcc in millivolts
}
.
, SN1 — 200:
//
void calculateValue(){
//
//
MySensors[2].Value = ((float) readVcc())/1000.0;
// ( 3)
MySensors[1].Value = (((float)analogRead(A3) * MySensors[2].Value / 1024.0) - 0.5)/0.01;
// 2.4 - "" (1)
// - " " (0)
MySensors[3].Value = (MySensors[2].Value > 2.4) ? 1 : 0;
return;
}
SN2 («» — 300):
//
void calculateValue(){
//
//
MySensors[2].Value = ((float) readVcc())/1000.0;
// ( 3)
MySensors[1].Value = (((float)analogRead(A3) * MySensors[2].Value / 1024.0) - 0.5)/0.01;
// 2.4 - "" (1)
// - " " (0)
MySensors[3].Value = (MySensors[2].Value > 2.4) ? 1 : 0;
// ( 1 "Analog")
MySensors[4].Value = (((float)analogRead(A1) * MySensors[2].Value / 1024.0) - 0.5)/0.01;
return;
}
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Parameter MySensors[NumSensors+1] = { // ( )
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0, "Date (yymm.dd)", //
0, "Time (hhmm.ss)" //
};
Message sensor;
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#define TimeOffset 4 // - GMT +4 ()
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Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/202898/
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