Pick 3: How to "open" the microcircuit and what's inside? Soviet Z80, TTL Logic, FPGA Altera Cyclone I and others
We continue to pick the insides of the microcircuits. For those who missed the first 2 series - here again , here are two .
K553UD1A - one of the first Soviet integrated operational amplifiers.
This copy was produced in March 1978.
Functional analog µa709. However, the chip was not a layered copy:
')
7555 is the CMOS version of the popular 555 timer.
On the chip a few interesting points. See the "unused" via on a snake-folded resistor on top of the chip, and in the center? They are needed to adjust the resistance by changing only the mask of the last metal. Also striking huge multi-finger "power" transistors.
Remember we said that the simplest chip is 74AHC00 ? We were wrong.
The simplest microcircuit is its 1-gate version, Texas Instruments' SN74AHC1G00 . The crystal size is 520x420 µm.
After etching 2 (!) Plating layers, we see that the area is almost completely occupied by pads, input protection and output transistors. Jolly coloring under the pads is the result of a partially etched dielectric masked by what is left of the gold wire.
MC33152 - dual driver of power field-effect transistors. Cipherly half of the crystal is occupied by powerful transistors (2 pull-up, 2 pull-down), at 1.5A with 14ns fronts. It is noteworthy how the width of the tracks varies along the power transistors to correspond to the current flowing at a given point.
The crystal size is 1765x1470 µm.
Ti MAX3232 - RS232 transceiver with bipolar power generator on external capacitors.
The crystal size is 3113x1955 µm.
Toshiba TB6560AHQ is one of the widely used stepper motor drivers.
Immediately struck double connections to the power outputs. To improve heat removal, the crystal is soldered to a 2mm thick copper heat distributor.
The crystal size is 5338x4828 µm.
T34VM1 - Z80-compatible processor, produced on Angstrem since 1991.
The crystal size is 4513x4251 µm.
The inscription on the U880 / 5 crystal suggests that it was probably made from a set of masks received from the East German company VEB Micro Karl Marx in Erfurt (MME).
There is a suspicion that T34BM1 produced at different factories could have different crystals.
But the T34BM1 itself is in a beautiful snow-white case:
Altera Cyclone EP1C3 is the smallest first-generation FPGA from Altera.
On chip 2910 LE, 1 PLL and 58.5 kibibit memory (13 M4K blocks, each 128x36 bits).
At the polysilicon level, we see that each M4K memory block is divided into 2 halves (a total of 26 “rectangles” in two vertical rows). The structure of the array of logical elements is not symmetrical; on the right side of the array, PLL is inserted right in the middle.
Peripherals occupy half of the area of ​​the crystal, which is not surprising given the riot of supported input-output standards.
Zilog Z80 : After photographs of analogs of the Z80 from the GDR and the USSR , it finally came to the original. The production date code is 9012.
Of the noticeable differences - the periphery of the original Z80 is drawn much more compact, in the center of the crystal - the inscription DC (on the analogs - there is a hole in this place, but there is no inscription).
The crystal size is 3545x3350 µm, 1.6 times less in area by T34BM1.
Power Integrations TNY264 is a highly integrated chip for ACDC converters with built-in 700V MOSFET.
The crystal size is 2457x1306 µm.
Fairchild 74VHC595 - chip standard logic, 8-bit counter. It can be compared with OnSemi 74HC595.
The crystal size is 800x690 µm. 800nm ​​technology.
NXP 74HC595 is another standard shift register. Compare with Fairchild 74VHC595 and OnSemi 74HC595 .
The crystal size is 953x866 µm, the manufacturing technology is 2 microns.
Polysilicon level:
Fairchild 74F109PC - Dual JK trigger from the fastest bipolar 7400 TTL series - F.
The crystal size is 1436x1255 µm.
UTC LM2940L-5.0 - 1A linear voltage regulator with low voltage drop.
Noteworthy are the 5 contacts on the lower right - apparently they were used to adjust the output voltage by burning the jumpers between them.
KR1858VM1 - serial Z80-compatible processor produced in the USSR. The inscription on the U880 / 6 crystal suggests that it was also developed in Eastern Germany in VEB Micro Karl Marx in Erfurt (MME). Compared with T34BM1 , the crystal area was reduced by 1.6 times, the periphery was slightly reworked.
You can also compare with MME Z80A and Zilog Z80 .
The crystal size is 3601x3409 µm.
KR1858VM3 - the lastSoviet Z80. This copy was produced at the Belarusian Transistor plant in 1995.
Unlike the previous Soviet versions of the Z80, there is a CMOS 2 micron here, however, due to a rather “free” topology (in addition to the natural lower density of CMOS logic), the crystal size turned out to be even larger than that of 4 μm NMOS KR1858BM1.
The crystal size is 5050x4657 µm.
I hope it was interesting, this is all for now - you can subscribe to new photos in the rss-subscription .
The photos are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license .
Ps. For the subsequent opening in Moscow (or with mail forwarding), the old hardware is searched for - Intel 386 processors and earlier, ISA cards for 386 (they will go to the working computer), the game wolf-rabbit, tetris, old wrist electronic clocks and electronic calculators (1985- 90s and earlier). Write if you have any of this. Thanks in the article, the rays of karma are guaranteed + the realization that your thing will become immortal :-)
K553UD1A - one of the first Soviet integrated operational amplifiers.
This copy was produced in March 1978.
Functional analog µa709. However, the chip was not a layered copy:
')
7555 is the CMOS version of the popular 555 timer.
On the chip a few interesting points. See the "unused" via on a snake-folded resistor on top of the chip, and in the center? They are needed to adjust the resistance by changing only the mask of the last metal. Also striking huge multi-finger "power" transistors.
Remember we said that the simplest chip is 74AHC00 ? We were wrong.
The simplest microcircuit is its 1-gate version, Texas Instruments' SN74AHC1G00 . The crystal size is 520x420 µm.
After etching 2 (!) Plating layers, we see that the area is almost completely occupied by pads, input protection and output transistors. Jolly coloring under the pads is the result of a partially etched dielectric masked by what is left of the gold wire.
MC33152 - dual driver of power field-effect transistors. Cipherly half of the crystal is occupied by powerful transistors (2 pull-up, 2 pull-down), at 1.5A with 14ns fronts. It is noteworthy how the width of the tracks varies along the power transistors to correspond to the current flowing at a given point.
The crystal size is 1765x1470 µm.
Ti MAX3232 - RS232 transceiver with bipolar power generator on external capacitors.
The crystal size is 3113x1955 µm.
Toshiba TB6560AHQ is one of the widely used stepper motor drivers.
Immediately struck double connections to the power outputs. To improve heat removal, the crystal is soldered to a 2mm thick copper heat distributor.
The crystal size is 5338x4828 µm.
T34VM1 - Z80-compatible processor, produced on Angstrem since 1991.
The crystal size is 4513x4251 µm.
The inscription on the U880 / 5 crystal suggests that it was probably made from a set of masks received from the East German company VEB Micro Karl Marx in Erfurt (MME).
There is a suspicion that T34BM1 produced at different factories could have different crystals.
But the T34BM1 itself is in a beautiful snow-white case:
Altera Cyclone EP1C3 is the smallest first-generation FPGA from Altera.
On chip 2910 LE, 1 PLL and 58.5 kibibit memory (13 M4K blocks, each 128x36 bits).
At the polysilicon level, we see that each M4K memory block is divided into 2 halves (a total of 26 “rectangles” in two vertical rows). The structure of the array of logical elements is not symmetrical; on the right side of the array, PLL is inserted right in the middle.
Peripherals occupy half of the area of ​​the crystal, which is not surprising given the riot of supported input-output standards.
Zilog Z80 : After photographs of analogs of the Z80 from the GDR and the USSR , it finally came to the original. The production date code is 9012.
Of the noticeable differences - the periphery of the original Z80 is drawn much more compact, in the center of the crystal - the inscription DC (on the analogs - there is a hole in this place, but there is no inscription).
The crystal size is 3545x3350 µm, 1.6 times less in area by T34BM1.
Power Integrations TNY264 is a highly integrated chip for ACDC converters with built-in 700V MOSFET.
The crystal size is 2457x1306 µm.
Fairchild 74VHC595 - chip standard logic, 8-bit counter. It can be compared with OnSemi 74HC595.
The crystal size is 800x690 µm. 800nm ​​technology.
NXP 74HC595 is another standard shift register. Compare with Fairchild 74VHC595 and OnSemi 74HC595 .
The crystal size is 953x866 µm, the manufacturing technology is 2 microns.
Polysilicon level:
Fairchild 74F109PC - Dual JK trigger from the fastest bipolar 7400 TTL series - F.
The crystal size is 1436x1255 µm.
UTC LM2940L-5.0 - 1A linear voltage regulator with low voltage drop.
Noteworthy are the 5 contacts on the lower right - apparently they were used to adjust the output voltage by burning the jumpers between them.
KR1858VM1 - serial Z80-compatible processor produced in the USSR. The inscription on the U880 / 6 crystal suggests that it was also developed in Eastern Germany in VEB Micro Karl Marx in Erfurt (MME). Compared with T34BM1 , the crystal area was reduced by 1.6 times, the periphery was slightly reworked.
You can also compare with MME Z80A and Zilog Z80 .
The crystal size is 3601x3409 µm.
KR1858VM3 - the last
Unlike the previous Soviet versions of the Z80, there is a CMOS 2 micron here, however, due to a rather “free” topology (in addition to the natural lower density of CMOS logic), the crystal size turned out to be even larger than that of 4 μm NMOS KR1858BM1.
The crystal size is 5050x4657 µm.
I hope it was interesting, this is all for now - you can subscribe to new photos in the rss-subscription .
The photos are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license .
Ps. For the subsequent opening in Moscow (or with mail forwarding), the old hardware is searched for - Intel 386 processors and earlier, ISA cards for 386 (they will go to the working computer), the game wolf-rabbit, tetris, old wrist electronic clocks and electronic calculators (1985- 90s and earlier). Write if you have any of this. Thanks in the article, the rays of karma are guaranteed + the realization that your thing will become immortal :-)
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/200948/
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