History of Apple operating systems. Part 2. Macintosh Takeoff
We continue to get acquainted with the history of Apple operating systems. Today Lisa, Macintosh up to System 7 and early attempts to use Unix.
The first part: habrahabr.ru/post/194696
Apple introduced the Lisa computer in January 1983, a year before the Macintosh. The starting price was $ 9995. The heart of the novelty was the 32-bit Motorola 68000 processor. When creating, the developers were clearly inspired by Xerox PARC, see habrahabr.ru/post/194696 . This was facilitated by an agreement between Xerox and Apple - shares in exchange for technology. It should be noted that the project Lisa started even before partaking to PARC. In general, it is not clear exactly what ideas borrowed from Xerox, and which invented on their own.
Lisa Office System (OS), the operating system of this computer, had a completely graphical interface. There was a file manager with icons, when clicked, the corresponding application was launched. The set also included a table processor LisaCalc, a program for drawing diagrams LisaGraph, an advanced list editor LisaList, a project manager LisaProject, a drawing tool LisaDraw, an ANSI emulator of the LisaTerminal terminal, etc. In addition, Lisa supported the work of SCO Xenix.
In Lisa first introduced some of the interface elements that are used by Apple to this day. This menu is at the top of the screen, though without a button with an apple. The apple symbol was on the keyboard and was used in shortcuts. With a double click, the opening window was animated. You could drag the document to the trash for deletion.
Like STAR, the Lisa interface was based on the metaphors of real office objects. Therefore, desktop wallpaper depicted monochromatic white sheet. In those years, the monitors flickered, and the white background flickered especially strongly. For the safety of the eyes of users increased the frequency of the scan, which is bad for the cost of the computer. About the white background does not seem to be confirmed. There was a grid that really should flicker ugly - approx. trans. Additional memory and disk made the price a decent five-digit in those more dollars. There were also problems with long loading of the system. Overall, Lisa was far from being as perfect as she was created.
')
In the early 80s Apple developed the Annie project. Jeff Raskin, thirty-first ( apparently, in order of employment - approx. Transl. ) Apple employee renamed it Macintosh. Actually, the variety of apples is properly called McIntosh, but such a trademark has already been. During attempts to find a consonant name, they tried abbreviations. For example, MAC (Mouse Activated Computer). Employees quickly came up with an alternative translation Meaningless Acronym Computer, Unimportant Computer Abbreviation. Raskin also wrote a document on the topic of personal computers for internal use by The Book of Macintosh. This was the first significant contribution to the project.
Steve Jobs introduced the Macintosh public on January 24, 1984 in Cupertino. Later this model will be designated Mac 128K because of the corresponding memory size. The computer is based on the Motorola 68000 processor without a memory management unit, working with a floating point and any caches. A nine-inch black and white monitor with a resolution of 512x342 is built into the case. From the drives - only 3.5 ”drive, 400 KB on a floppy disk.
A single-user single-task operating system was supplied on a 400 KB diskette. Its name was gradually defined as Mac System Software, or simply System.
The Macintosh ROM contained a mix of low-level code for initializing hardware, drivers, and a high-level Toolbox library. She saved the programmer from the need to draw the interface himself, all the programs were obtained in the same style. Toolbox supported the display and processing of dialog boxes, fonts, icons, menus, windows, text input and editing, simple calculations, and so on. The QuickDraw component contained primitives for drawing shapes, dialogs, drop-down menus, scroll bars, and windows. This code fragment is almost identical to that in Lisa. At that time, it was an incredibly rich API. He allowed to create a sufficiently long-lived system with support for backward compatibility.
The default application that started at startup was called Finder. It was an interface for working with files and running programs, like today's desktops. The system was single-tasking, so when you run Finder it was closed, and after completion it started again. The MFS file system was non-hierarchical, all files were stored in one heap. At the same time, the subdirectory mapping has been implemented. At the root of each disk was the Empty Folder directory. To create a new directory, you had to rename the Empty Folder, which then responded. From Lisa a new system got the top menu with an added apple and a basket. The cart was emptied with every reboot. Around the same time, Apple's Human Interface Guidelines appeared.
In those years, the basket was also used to safely remove the disk. This caused a wave of criticism. Apple argued its position on this issue, everything is not obvious and interesting.
There was only one disk drive. Even then, many programs required several floppy disks to work. The system supported caching of the list of files on a diskette that was already extracted. The icon of such a floppy disk was made gray, and when I tried to open it, an invitation to insert it was thrown away. At the same time, it was possible to clear this cache by dragging the diskette into the trash.
In this way. to remove the floppy disk completely, you had to first give the command “Eject”, and then drag the icon to the trash. Therefore, we rewrote the logic of this action: dragging the active diskette to retrieve it and clear the cache.
At the same time, Lisa 2 came out too. Later, a hard disk, a Macintosh emulator called MacWorks, will be added to it and renamed to Macintosh XL.
In addition to all the software innovations, these computers for the first time provided programmatic control of such purely iron functions as diskette ejection, brightness control and computer on-off.
Alan Kay once said that the IBM 3270 / PC and Macintosh interfaces refer to each other as mashcodes for COBOL. Then there were several years of evolutionary development with unexpected deviations from the general theme.
For a long time, Apple had an extremely confusing numbering system for software versions, each OS component had its own numbering system and update plan. The System Software Release, System, Finder, MultiFinder, LaserWriter, etc. were considered separately. Gradually it was unified.
Improvements over this period:
There finally appeared multitasking via MultiFinder. Initially it was a separate software that works in parallel with the old Finder. But he was soon made mandatory. He allowed to run several programs at the same time and distribute the required amount of memory to each of them. A progress bar with a cancel button for copying and deleting files has been added to the interface. But at the same time, the Finder remained black and white, even on computers that support color. To correct this fatal flaw released Color QuickDraw.
In March 1988, several engineers and Apple managers secretly discussed the global plans for the future. Ideas sorted by insanity and recorded on colored cards - blue, pink and red.
Blue is a project to improve an existing OS. It became the basis for System 7.
Pink is a rewritten system from scratch. It was supposed to implement OOP, full memory protection, lightweight streams, separate protected address spaces, multi-tasking, and much more interesting. The project developed sluggishly, and it was sent to the Taligent company. But more on that later.
Red - things too breakthrough even for Pink.
At this time, System 6.x was relevant. By 1991, Blue will be added and released under the name System 7. This will be a very significant step, comparable only with the release of Mac OS X. In this period of time, Apple released two interesting projects: GS / OS and A / UX.
As we said in the first part, Apple II stayed on the conveyor for 14 years. Even the output of the Macintosh did not move him from the throne. In 1986, Apple IIGS was released, a mix of these two very different systems. It was the first and only 16-bit Apple II. The letters GS denoted Graphics and Sound. The processor was compatible with 6502, supported 200x320 16 colors and 200x640 4 colors, 32-channel Ensoniq Digital Oscillator sound chip supported up to 15 instruments.
Apple ProDOS was divided into 8- and 16-bit branches to support Apple IIGS. ProDOS 16 was delivered as an OS for a very short time, soon Apple introduced GS / OS. This is a new, initially 16-bit system that works much faster. Of the new products - FST, file system translators. This is something like a set of drivers to support various filesystems. The source of inspiration is vfs from UNIX. Out of the box, Apple Pascal, Apple DOS 3.3, ISO / High Sierra, HFS, FAT, ProDOS, and AppleShare networking protocol were supported.
Finder was able to display network volumes, and GS / OS even supported booting from the network.
The GS / OS was a control panel, which could be supplemented by third-party applets called CDEV.
The latest version of GS / OS 4.02 came with the Apple IIGS System 6.0.1.
Apple released its own version of POSIX-compatible Unix at the end of 1988. Earlier versions were based on 4.2BSD and AT & T UNIX System V Release 2, but 4.3BSD and subsequent System V releases soon followed.
A / UX included task control, signals, network (AppleTalk, STREAMS, TCP / IP, sockets, NFS with YP support, etc.), ffs file system, SCCS version control system, print, X Window, BSD API compatibility and System V,
In addition, many components from the Macintosh OS, in particular the Finder, were included in the A / UX. A / UX 2.x is built on System 6, and A / UX 3.x is built on System 7. Macintosh, Unix command-line applications and X, DOS through the emulator were supported. There were also hybrid applications that combine the Unix API and Toolbox interface. For Unix processes, multitasking was preemptive, and for Macintosh it was only cooperative through MultiFinder. To start the Macintosh
A / UX supporters dragged from him. The installation on supported hardware was as simple as possible for Unix, even against the background of today. Some of the A / UX survived until the time of Mac OS X. For example, the
The first part: habrahabr.ru/post/194696
The arrival of graphics
Apple introduced the Lisa computer in January 1983, a year before the Macintosh. The starting price was $ 9995. The heart of the novelty was the 32-bit Motorola 68000 processor. When creating, the developers were clearly inspired by Xerox PARC, see habrahabr.ru/post/194696 . This was facilitated by an agreement between Xerox and Apple - shares in exchange for technology. It should be noted that the project Lisa started even before partaking to PARC. In general, it is not clear exactly what ideas borrowed from Xerox, and which invented on their own.
Lisa os
Lisa Office System (OS), the operating system of this computer, had a completely graphical interface. There was a file manager with icons, when clicked, the corresponding application was launched. The set also included a table processor LisaCalc, a program for drawing diagrams LisaGraph, an advanced list editor LisaList, a project manager LisaProject, a drawing tool LisaDraw, an ANSI emulator of the LisaTerminal terminal, etc. In addition, Lisa supported the work of SCO Xenix.
In Lisa first introduced some of the interface elements that are used by Apple to this day. This menu is at the top of the screen, though without a button with an apple. The apple symbol was on the keyboard and was used in shortcuts. With a double click, the opening window was animated. You could drag the document to the trash for deletion.
Like STAR, the Lisa interface was based on the metaphors of real office objects. Therefore, desktop wallpaper depicted monochromatic white sheet. In those years, the monitors flickered, and the white background flickered especially strongly. For the safety of the eyes of users increased the frequency of the scan, which is bad for the cost of the computer. About the white background does not seem to be confirmed. There was a grid that really should flicker ugly - approx. trans. Additional memory and disk made the price a decent five-digit in those more dollars. There were also problems with long loading of the system. Overall, Lisa was far from being as perfect as she was created.
')
Macintosh
In the early 80s Apple developed the Annie project. Jeff Raskin, thirty-first ( apparently, in order of employment - approx. Transl. ) Apple employee renamed it Macintosh. Actually, the variety of apples is properly called McIntosh, but such a trademark has already been. During attempts to find a consonant name, they tried abbreviations. For example, MAC (Mouse Activated Computer). Employees quickly came up with an alternative translation Meaningless Acronym Computer, Unimportant Computer Abbreviation. Raskin also wrote a document on the topic of personal computers for internal use by The Book of Macintosh. This was the first significant contribution to the project.
Steve Jobs introduced the Macintosh public on January 24, 1984 in Cupertino. Later this model will be designated Mac 128K because of the corresponding memory size. The computer is based on the Motorola 68000 processor without a memory management unit, working with a floating point and any caches. A nine-inch black and white monitor with a resolution of 512x342 is built into the case. From the drives - only 3.5 ”drive, 400 KB on a floppy disk.
A single-user single-task operating system was supplied on a 400 KB diskette. Its name was gradually defined as Mac System Software, or simply System.
System 1
The Macintosh ROM contained a mix of low-level code for initializing hardware, drivers, and a high-level Toolbox library. She saved the programmer from the need to draw the interface himself, all the programs were obtained in the same style. Toolbox supported the display and processing of dialog boxes, fonts, icons, menus, windows, text input and editing, simple calculations, and so on. The QuickDraw component contained primitives for drawing shapes, dialogs, drop-down menus, scroll bars, and windows. This code fragment is almost identical to that in Lisa. At that time, it was an incredibly rich API. He allowed to create a sufficiently long-lived system with support for backward compatibility.
The default application that started at startup was called Finder. It was an interface for working with files and running programs, like today's desktops. The system was single-tasking, so when you run Finder it was closed, and after completion it started again. The MFS file system was non-hierarchical, all files were stored in one heap. At the same time, the subdirectory mapping has been implemented. At the root of each disk was the Empty Folder directory. To create a new directory, you had to rename the Empty Folder, which then responded. From Lisa a new system got the top menu with an added apple and a basket. The cart was emptied with every reboot. Around the same time, Apple's Human Interface Guidelines appeared.
In those years, the basket was also used to safely remove the disk. This caused a wave of criticism. Apple argued its position on this issue, everything is not obvious and interesting.
There was only one disk drive. Even then, many programs required several floppy disks to work. The system supported caching of the list of files on a diskette that was already extracted. The icon of such a floppy disk was made gray, and when I tried to open it, an invitation to insert it was thrown away. At the same time, it was possible to clear this cache by dragging the diskette into the trash.
In this way. to remove the floppy disk completely, you had to first give the command “Eject”, and then drag the icon to the trash. Therefore, we rewrote the logic of this action: dragging the active diskette to retrieve it and clear the cache.
At the same time, Lisa 2 came out too. Later, a hard disk, a Macintosh emulator called MacWorks, will be added to it and renamed to Macintosh XL.
In addition to all the software innovations, these computers for the first time provided programmatic control of such purely iron functions as diskette ejection, brightness control and computer on-off.
Alan Kay once said that the IBM 3270 / PC and Macintosh interfaces refer to each other as mashcodes for COBOL. Then there were several years of evolutionary development with unexpected deviations from the general theme.
System Software Versions 2 - 6
For a long time, Apple had an extremely confusing numbering system for software versions, each OS component had its own numbering system and update plan. The System Software Release, System, Finder, MultiFinder, LaserWriter, etc. were considered separately. Gradually it was unified.
Improvements over this period:
- Accelerated Finder, including disk cache and minifinder for quick launch of programs.
- Added commands for normal actions: shutting down the computer, creating a new directory, ejecting a disk
- HFS hierarchical file system with adequate operation logic
- Multi-monitor and large disk support
- Improvements in the AppleShare client
System 6
There finally appeared multitasking via MultiFinder. Initially it was a separate software that works in parallel with the old Finder. But he was soon made mandatory. He allowed to run several programs at the same time and distribute the required amount of memory to each of them. A progress bar with a cancel button for copying and deleting files has been added to the interface. But at the same time, the Finder remained black and white, even on computers that support color. To correct this fatal flaw released Color QuickDraw.
Apple Color Projects
In March 1988, several engineers and Apple managers secretly discussed the global plans for the future. Ideas sorted by insanity and recorded on colored cards - blue, pink and red.
Blue is a project to improve an existing OS. It became the basis for System 7.
Pink is a rewritten system from scratch. It was supposed to implement OOP, full memory protection, lightweight streams, separate protected address spaces, multi-tasking, and much more interesting. The project developed sluggishly, and it was sent to the Taligent company. But more on that later.
Red - things too breakthrough even for Pink.
At this time, System 6.x was relevant. By 1991, Blue will be added and released under the name System 7. This will be a very significant step, comparable only with the release of Mac OS X. In this period of time, Apple released two interesting projects: GS / OS and A / UX.
GS / OS
As we said in the first part, Apple II stayed on the conveyor for 14 years. Even the output of the Macintosh did not move him from the throne. In 1986, Apple IIGS was released, a mix of these two very different systems. It was the first and only 16-bit Apple II. The letters GS denoted Graphics and Sound. The processor was compatible with 6502, supported 200x320 16 colors and 200x640 4 colors, 32-channel Ensoniq Digital Oscillator sound chip supported up to 15 instruments.
Apple ProDOS was divided into 8- and 16-bit branches to support Apple IIGS. ProDOS 16 was delivered as an OS for a very short time, soon Apple introduced GS / OS. This is a new, initially 16-bit system that works much faster. Of the new products - FST, file system translators. This is something like a set of drivers to support various filesystems. The source of inspiration is vfs from UNIX. Out of the box, Apple Pascal, Apple DOS 3.3, ISO / High Sierra, HFS, FAT, ProDOS, and AppleShare networking protocol were supported.
Finder was able to display network volumes, and GS / OS even supported booting from the network.
The GS / OS was a control panel, which could be supplemented by third-party applets called CDEV.
The latest version of GS / OS 4.02 came with the Apple IIGS System 6.0.1.
A / UX
Apple released its own version of POSIX-compatible Unix at the end of 1988. Earlier versions were based on 4.2BSD and AT & T UNIX System V Release 2, but 4.3BSD and subsequent System V releases soon followed.
A / UX included task control, signals, network (AppleTalk, STREAMS, TCP / IP, sockets, NFS with YP support, etc.), ffs file system, SCCS version control system, print, X Window, BSD API compatibility and System V,
cc and f77 , etc.In addition, many components from the Macintosh OS, in particular the Finder, were included in the A / UX. A / UX 2.x is built on System 6, and A / UX 3.x is built on System 7. Macintosh, Unix command-line applications and X, DOS through the emulator were supported. There were also hybrid applications that combine the Unix API and Toolbox interface. For Unix processes, multitasking was preemptive, and for Macintosh it was only cooperative through MultiFinder. To start the Macintosh
startmac24 , startmac and startmac24 , depending on the memory addressing scheme used. Many settings were supported, even replacing Finder with another application.A / UX supporters dragged from him. The installation on supported hardware was as simple as possible for Unix, even against the background of today. Some of the A / UX survived until the time of Mac OS X. For example, the
appleping command. Or directories /.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users, . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users, . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users, . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users, . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users, . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.
/.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic./.mac//Desktop Folder /.mac//Trash. / . :, HFS . /users , . , - . .
A/UX 3.1.1 1995 . Apple 68 .
90- Apple , . Blue System 7.
System 7
, Macintosh.
:
MultiFinder . . AppleTalk AppleShare 32- AppleScript , ColorSync, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, WorldScript . , .
Macintosh 1987 Macintosh II. System 7 . . , mmap, , ..
. . , . , . . .
Apple IBM Motorola PowerPC. .
- POWER
, - CISC. . , 60- CDC 6600 ( CRAY-1) . RISC, . RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), . , , . . CISC RISC .
1975 IBM RISC- 801. 80- RISC MIPS . 1990 RISC-. , MIPS, PA-RISC, SPARC V8, Motorola 88k, IBM RS/6000. RS/6000 - POWER. Jaguar Apple Motorola 88k. , PowerPC.
1991 Apple, IBM Motorola AIM Alliance CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform). PowerPC. PowerPC 601 POWER. 64-, 32- 64- . G5 32- . , PowerPC .
, CHRP . PowerPC Windows NT.
Apple ARM
90- Apple RISC. ARM1 80-. AIM Apple Acorn . - VLSI Technology. ARM6 610 ARMv3 20 MessagePad Newton. .
Mac OS PowerPC
PowerPC System 7.1.2. . , . HAL ( ) 68k.
PowerPC - , . , HAL , , . .
68k . 68LC040, . 68020, . . A/UX . - . .
, Mixed Mode Manager, . . 68k, PowerPC .
, Mac OS PowerPC . , , Toolbox . . , .
System 7.5 OpenTransport ( Mentat Portable STREAMS), QuickDraw 3D, Java, OpenDOC ( OLE). Mac OS -.
MAE
Mixed Mode Manager Macintosh Application Environment (MAE). X Window SunOS HP-UX. 68k -. System 7.x . - Mac-on-Unix (MAS), Macintosh Unix PowerPC.
NetWare PowerPC
Apple Novell 90- NetWare PowerPC. 86, Apple Shiner. , . Shiner Apple Network Server AIX.
AIX PowerPC
, 1996 , Apple Apple Network Server. PowerPC , , RAID, SCSI PCI, .
Network Server AIX for Apple Network Servers Mac OS. , , , RAID, JFS, LVM - . AIXwindows CDE.
1997 . Apple 5 , Xserve.
90- . , Mac OS Classic.Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/196276/
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