Soviet personal computers
Hi, Habr!
My first computer was quite powerful - an AMD Athlon 64X processor, 512 megabytes of RAM, a GeForce video card. And I never touched computers from the times of the USSR, and I was very surprised when I found out how many there were. In this post I collected personal computers developed and manufactured in the countries of the socialist bloc in the 1980-1990s
Did you have any of the computers below? Please tell us about your experience!
')
Please do not be too strict with the design of the post: I could not find some of the images in the best quality.
If you have something to supplement the collection - please write about it, please, in the comments or in personal messages.
The line of computers Pravets was produced from 1980 to 1988. This, for example, Pravets 8 - a clone of Apple II.
Also in the line of Pravets was a clone of IBM PC, made on the basis of processors 8088 and 8086 from Intel.
Pravets 8D was similar to Oric Atmos and was produced from 1985 to 1992.
One of the first Soviet home computers was the Micro-80. To collect it, it was necessary to use the instruction from the series of articles in the magazine Radio in 1982-1983. The computer is built on the basis of the microprocessor KR580VM80, analogue of i8080 from Intel. The photo shows one of the developers of the Micro-80 computer, Sergey Popov.
By 1990, 200,000 DVK laptops of all models were produced - and there were nine of them. The abbreviation means "interactive computing complex". The first model came off the assembly line in 1982.
Agate was developed in 1981-1983, began to be produced in 1984 and only in 1993 was removed from the conveyor. It was an analogue of Apple II, created specifically for the needs of education. Vicki suggested that Agate was used in education right up to 2001. The computer produced on the processor 6502 from MOS Technology. By the way, two game consoles were included in the Agatam set.
There were several agates. This is the first model - Agat-4
This is Agat-7.
\
Agat-9.
Game consoles:
Fast forward to the German Democratic Republic. In 1984, they began production of the Robotron 1715 computer. An 8-bit U880 processor, a Zilog Z80 clone, was used. There was no sound at the computer, the port for the mouse was also absent. But there were two built-in 5¼-inch drive.
"Specialist" became the computer that spawned a number of clones. On it it was possible to program on the Assembler, the Forte, Pascal, S, BASIC. Computer developed in 1985.
PC Lick - a clone of a computer specialist. LIC means “Personal Computer”. Price, depending on the configuration ranged from 398 to 543 rubles.
Neuron I9.66 was developed in Kiev, probably in 1985, this is supposedly the first IBM PC / XT-compatible personal computer. Made it on the basis of the processor with a clock frequency of 4.77 MHz. Neurons sold even in 1993.
Assistant-128 was produced in Smolensk. It was an IBM-compatible computer. It was collected on the basis of the processor clone Intel 8086 - KR1810VM86. I could not find the year of the beginning of the issue - tell me in the comments, please, if you are aware
1986 EU 1841 16-bit computer. Computers "Unified Systems" were mainly clones of the IBM PC, developed in Minsk
The 16-bit Search personal computer was a partial IBM PC / XT clone. In 1988, released the first batch.
Computer Spark 1030 began to be released in 1989 in several versions. The 256 KB RAM could be expanded to 1 MB. In the second and third versions of the computer began to use hard drives - 10 megabytes each.
MS 1502 Electronics was another analogue of the IBM PC XT.
Quasar-86 began to produce in 1992. This is a 16-bit home analog IBM PC / XT-compatible PC based on the Intel 8086 clone processor.
BK means Household Computer. This is a family of 16-strip computers compatible with the command system with SM computers, PDP-11 and DVK. The first models produced since 1985. As a storage device was a compact cassette and drive. The model range included the BK-0010, BK-0010-01, BK-0011 and BK-0011M.
BK-0010: BK for the horns!
The household computer BK0010-01 in 1989 cost 750 rubles.
Computer Radio 86RK 1986 was designed to build radio amateurs. This is a legendary development, followed by many clones.
Printed circuit board for the assembly of Radio 86RK.
86RK Radio clones include: Alpha BK, Microsha, Electronics KR-01/02/03/04, Partner 01.01, Krista, Apogee BK-01, Spectr-001.
Mikrosh’s computer has been manufactured at an electromechanical plant since 1987. They even printed leaflets with information about him .
Krista's computer was partially compatible with Radio-86RK. Worked on the CPU KR580VM80A. It was sold since 1986 at the price of 510 rubles.
Included with this computer was a cassette with software: games, a basic interpreter, a text editor, basic training lessons and an English-Russian dictionary. It should be noted that it was possible to work on Krista with the help of a light pen - it can be clearly seen in the photo.
Computer Apogee BK-01 was developed on the basis of Radio 86RK and was produced since 1988. To store data in it used a compact cassette or a floppy disk. It could be bought for 440 rubles. He, but with an upgrade of the RAM, cost 560 rubles.
In the next model - Apogee BK-01Ts - color support appeared.
Partner 01.01, software compatible Radio 86RK, produced in Ryazan since 1987. It was built on the basis of the CPU KR580VM80A, equipped with 64 KB of RAM and 16 KB of ROM. The computer worked in text mode with a resolution of 25 lines of 64 characters and two colors, which later increased to eight.
Various modules could be connected to the computer, including a color pseudographic module and a drive controller module.
In 1990, this miracle of technology cost from 600 to 750 rubles.
Electronics KR-01/02/03/04 - a series of computers for self-assembly. The abbreviation of the CD in the title means "computer amateur radio." The designer was made in three factories. The cost is 395 rubles, it was one of the cheapest 86RK clones produced industrially.
Spectrum-001 - a clone of Radio 86RK - has been released since the early 1990s. It was fully compatible with the original. The price for 1990 is 475 rubles.
Vector-06C was developed in Chisinau in the late 1980s. From the unusual - it had a three-part sound synthesizer. Computer in 1987 received a silver medal at the 33rd All-Union Radio Exhibition at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements.
Subsequently, several modifications of the computer were made: Vector-06C.02, Vector Start-1200, Krista-2, PC-6128TS, as well as private development of Vector Turbo +.
Vector Start 1200.
The prototype of the PC 8000 series was MSX standard computers.
The first computer of the series was “Sura” - in 1987. She designed and produced in Penza at the plant VEM. There were several modifications, the possibility of connecting the drive, printer, autoloading kirtrij and hard drives.
Vesta is one of the varieties PK8000. The computer worked in two text and graphic mode, processor KR580VM80A 1.78 MHz. The source of the single-bit sound was a piezo emitter. The set included instructions, a guide for BASIC and application programs, as well as a TV receiver adapter, cables for connecting to a cassette recorder and a TV. And, of course, the MK60 cassette with game and application programs in BASIC, including the UDAV, TENNIS, ATAKA, BANKIR games and others.
In addition, it was possible to buy a printing device and sound generator.
Computer Roby - Hobbit analog, which, in turn, is designed on the architecture of the ZX Spectrum while maintaining software compatibility with the original. Developed in the USSR in the late 1980s (possibly in 1989).
In the late 1980s, the Byte PC (modifications “Byte” and “Byte-01”) was assembled in Brest - an 8-bit home computer, a clone of the ZX Spectrum computer. In Byelorussia in December 1990, Byte was worth 960 Soviet rubles.
Computer "Byte" production plant "Dniester"
Pentagon 1989 - clone ZX Spectrum for self-assembly.
"Delta-C" was produced since 1989. This computer is a clone of the ZX Spectrum + that is close in logic structure.
Gaming computer "Symbol" - another clone of many beloved ZX Spectrum. Produced it from 1990 to 1995 in Penza.
In Minsk, they did at the NGO. Lenin c 1990 produced clone ZX Spectrum 48K - Santaka-002 based on the original processor Zilog (Z840004PSC). Almost the same machine, but with a Secam encoder, was produced in Krasnodar under the name Impulse-M.
Eight KS573RF2 or KR573RF5 chips of 2KB each were used as a ROM (16 KB).
"Educational game console" Raton 9003 was also a clone of the ZX Spectrum. It was produced in Belarus on the basis of the Z80 processor since 1993.
The kit included Kempston joystick and cassette with software.
Nathan, a clone of the ZX Spectrum 48K, could be carried in a small case with a computer case, a power supply unit and a joystick. Sold it in 1990 at a price of 650 rubles.
Meet this - Irisha. With the help of such an 8-bit computer they were going to teach children computer science in schools. TV was used as a monitor - black and white or color. The computer is built on the basis of all the same processor KR580VM80A, which was used in the assembly of the Micro-80. The clock frequency is 1.777 MHz.
The first Irishi were introduced in the Moldavian SSR in 1985. This computer did not go into mass production.
An 8-bit educational home Lviv PC-01 microcomputer on a clone of the i8088 processor with a frequency of 2.22 MHz was released from 1986 to 1991. Cost 750 rubles. Total released about 80 thousand copies.
The personal computer Ocean-240 was produced by the Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR since 1986 and was intended for use in expeditions. Equipped with 128 KB of RAM. As an external source of memory - a household tape recorder.
Used it together with a deep-sea probe as an information computing complex.
Pildin 601 was assembled in 1987 in Bulgaria on the basis of an 8-bit SM601 processor, an analogue of the Motorola MC6800. Puldin 601 had as many as four video modes of 0..3 and a SECAM coder. The following models have added input using a light pen and a printer port.
Documentation, computer and additional circuit diagram, photos, articles and other materials about Pildin.
Electronics MC 0511, or UKNTS, was intended for training. It was first introduced in 1987. Also on its basis were built process control systems, telegraph hubs, accounting systems, ticketing systems and so on.
The Corvette PK8010 / PK8020 has been mass-produced since 1988. These computers could be connected to a local network of up to 16 machines.
The UT-88 microcomputer consisted of a power supply unit, a central processor unit, a small memory block and an interface unit.
This is also UT-88, but in a minimal configuration.
Bashkiria-2M was developed in 1989. It had 128 KB of RAM, including 24 KB of video memory — this made it possible to store two pages of 12 KB each. Connected to a conventional TV or monitor "Electronics MS 3201".
The 8-bit Orion-128 received the first prize in 1989 at the All-Union Radio Amateur Exhibition. The CPU KR580VM80A worked at a frequency of 2.5 MHz, 128 KB of RAM could be expanded to 256 KB. Worked in graphic mode, connected it to the TV.
In Minsk, in 1989, the computer was produced Nemiga. This 16-bit PC was supplied to educational institutions as part of computer complexes. The computer processor was capable of 500 thousand register-register operations per second, and the video controller formed a raster image of 512 × 312 in size, video memory - 32 KB. RAM - 128 KB. There was also a local network controller.
In the photo - Nemiga PC 588, a desktop computer for the teacher.
In 1990, on the basis of the same beloved processor in the USSR, the KR580VM80A processor was produced by Iskra 1080 Tartu computer. It boasted 64 KB of RAM and 20 KB of ROM, as well as video modes with a resolution of 384x256 (4 colors) and 768x256 (2 colors).
Aleste 520EX - this Omsk computer, developed in 1992-1993. Used processor Zilog Z80 at 8 MHz. 512 KB of RAM could be expanded up to 2 MB, there was a 3.5 inch drive. The prototype also had a tactile input device for the monitor.
Among the extensions was a light processor, with the help of which Alesta was used as a light control system in the theater.
Please write about your experience in the comments or leave links to your publications on the topic.
It is interesting:
Computer History Museum
Advertising laptops of the 1980s and 1990s
The history of personal computers in advertising. Part 1: 1970s
The history of personal computers in advertising. Part 2: 1980s
My first computer was quite powerful - an AMD Athlon 64X processor, 512 megabytes of RAM, a GeForce video card. And I never touched computers from the times of the USSR, and I was very surprised when I found out how many there were. In this post I collected personal computers developed and manufactured in the countries of the socialist bloc in the 1980-1990s
Did you have any of the computers below? Please tell us about your experience!
')
Please do not be too strict with the design of the post: I could not find some of the images in the best quality.
If you have something to supplement the collection - please write about it, please, in the comments or in personal messages.
Pravets
The line of computers Pravets was produced from 1980 to 1988. This, for example, Pravets 8 - a clone of Apple II.
Also in the line of Pravets was a clone of IBM PC, made on the basis of processors 8088 and 8086 from Intel.
Pravets 8D was similar to Oric Atmos and was produced from 1985 to 1992.
Micro 80
One of the first Soviet home computers was the Micro-80. To collect it, it was necessary to use the instruction from the series of articles in the magazine Radio in 1982-1983. The computer is built on the basis of the microprocessor KR580VM80, analogue of i8080 from Intel. The photo shows one of the developers of the Micro-80 computer, Sergey Popov.
Interactive computing complex
By 1990, 200,000 DVK laptops of all models were produced - and there were nine of them. The abbreviation means "interactive computing complex". The first model came off the assembly line in 1982.
Agate
Agate was developed in 1981-1983, began to be produced in 1984 and only in 1993 was removed from the conveyor. It was an analogue of Apple II, created specifically for the needs of education. Vicki suggested that Agate was used in education right up to 2001. The computer produced on the processor 6502 from MOS Technology. By the way, two game consoles were included in the Agatam set.
There were several agates. This is the first model - Agat-4
This is Agat-7.
\Agat-9.
Game consoles:
Robotron
Fast forward to the German Democratic Republic. In 1984, they began production of the Robotron 1715 computer. An 8-bit U880 processor, a Zilog Z80 clone, was used. There was no sound at the computer, the port for the mouse was also absent. But there were two built-in 5¼-inch drive.
1985 Specialist
"Specialist" became the computer that spawned a number of clones. On it it was possible to program on the Assembler, the Forte, Pascal, S, BASIC. Computer developed in 1985.
PC Lick - a clone of a computer specialist. LIC means “Personal Computer”. Price, depending on the configuration ranged from 398 to 543 rubles.
IBM compatible computers
Neuron I9.66 was developed in Kiev, probably in 1985, this is supposedly the first IBM PC / XT-compatible personal computer. Made it on the basis of the processor with a clock frequency of 4.77 MHz. Neurons sold even in 1993.
Assistant-128 was produced in Smolensk. It was an IBM-compatible computer. It was collected on the basis of the processor clone Intel 8086 - KR1810VM86. I could not find the year of the beginning of the issue - tell me in the comments, please, if you are aware
1986 EU 1841 16-bit computer. Computers "Unified Systems" were mainly clones of the IBM PC, developed in Minsk
The 16-bit Search personal computer was a partial IBM PC / XT clone. In 1988, released the first batch.
Computer Spark 1030 began to be released in 1989 in several versions. The 256 KB RAM could be expanded to 1 MB. In the second and third versions of the computer began to use hard drives - 10 megabytes each.
MS 1502 Electronics was another analogue of the IBM PC XT.
Quasar-86 began to produce in 1992. This is a 16-bit home analog IBM PC / XT-compatible PC based on the Intel 8086 clone processor.
BC
BK means Household Computer. This is a family of 16-strip computers compatible with the command system with SM computers, PDP-11 and DVK. The first models produced since 1985. As a storage device was a compact cassette and drive. The model range included the BK-0010, BK-0010-01, BK-0011 and BK-0011M.
BK-0010: BK for the horns!
The household computer BK0010-01 in 1989 cost 750 rubles.
Radio 86RK
Computer Radio 86RK 1986 was designed to build radio amateurs. This is a legendary development, followed by many clones.
Printed circuit board for the assembly of Radio 86RK.
86RK Radio clones include: Alpha BK, Microsha, Electronics KR-01/02/03/04, Partner 01.01, Krista, Apogee BK-01, Spectr-001.
Mikrosh’s computer has been manufactured at an electromechanical plant since 1987. They even printed leaflets with information about him .
Krista's computer was partially compatible with Radio-86RK. Worked on the CPU KR580VM80A. It was sold since 1986 at the price of 510 rubles.
Included with this computer was a cassette with software: games, a basic interpreter, a text editor, basic training lessons and an English-Russian dictionary. It should be noted that it was possible to work on Krista with the help of a light pen - it can be clearly seen in the photo.
Computer Apogee BK-01 was developed on the basis of Radio 86RK and was produced since 1988. To store data in it used a compact cassette or a floppy disk. It could be bought for 440 rubles. He, but with an upgrade of the RAM, cost 560 rubles.
In the next model - Apogee BK-01Ts - color support appeared.
Partner 01.01, software compatible Radio 86RK, produced in Ryazan since 1987. It was built on the basis of the CPU KR580VM80A, equipped with 64 KB of RAM and 16 KB of ROM. The computer worked in text mode with a resolution of 25 lines of 64 characters and two colors, which later increased to eight.
Various modules could be connected to the computer, including a color pseudographic module and a drive controller module.
In 1990, this miracle of technology cost from 600 to 750 rubles.
Electronics KR-01/02/03/04 - a series of computers for self-assembly. The abbreviation of the CD in the title means "computer amateur radio." The designer was made in three factories. The cost is 395 rubles, it was one of the cheapest 86RK clones produced industrially.
Spectrum-001 - a clone of Radio 86RK - has been released since the early 1990s. It was fully compatible with the original. The price for 1990 is 475 rubles.
Vector 06C 1987 year
Vector-06C was developed in Chisinau in the late 1980s. From the unusual - it had a three-part sound synthesizer. Computer in 1987 received a silver medal at the 33rd All-Union Radio Exhibition at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements.
Subsequently, several modifications of the computer were made: Vector-06C.02, Vector Start-1200, Krista-2, PC-6128TS, as well as private development of Vector Turbo +.
Vector Start 1200.
PK8000
The prototype of the PC 8000 series was MSX standard computers.
The first computer of the series was “Sura” - in 1987. She designed and produced in Penza at the plant VEM. There were several modifications, the possibility of connecting the drive, printer, autoloading kirtrij and hard drives.
Vesta is one of the varieties PK8000. The computer worked in two text and graphic mode, processor KR580VM80A 1.78 MHz. The source of the single-bit sound was a piezo emitter. The set included instructions, a guide for BASIC and application programs, as well as a TV receiver adapter, cables for connecting to a cassette recorder and a TV. And, of course, the MK60 cassette with game and application programs in BASIC, including the UDAV, TENNIS, ATAKA, BANKIR games and others.
In addition, it was possible to buy a printing device and sound generator.
ZX Spectrum clones
Computer Roby - Hobbit analog, which, in turn, is designed on the architecture of the ZX Spectrum while maintaining software compatibility with the original. Developed in the USSR in the late 1980s (possibly in 1989).
In the late 1980s, the Byte PC (modifications “Byte” and “Byte-01”) was assembled in Brest - an 8-bit home computer, a clone of the ZX Spectrum computer. In Byelorussia in December 1990, Byte was worth 960 Soviet rubles.
Computer "Byte" production plant "Dniester"
Pentagon 1989 - clone ZX Spectrum for self-assembly.
"Delta-C" was produced since 1989. This computer is a clone of the ZX Spectrum + that is close in logic structure.
Gaming computer "Symbol" - another clone of many beloved ZX Spectrum. Produced it from 1990 to 1995 in Penza.
In Minsk, they did at the NGO. Lenin c 1990 produced clone ZX Spectrum 48K - Santaka-002 based on the original processor Zilog (Z840004PSC). Almost the same machine, but with a Secam encoder, was produced in Krasnodar under the name Impulse-M.
Eight KS573RF2 or KR573RF5 chips of 2KB each were used as a ROM (16 KB).
"Educational game console" Raton 9003 was also a clone of the ZX Spectrum. It was produced in Belarus on the basis of the Z80 processor since 1993.
The kit included Kempston joystick and cassette with software.
Nathan, a clone of the ZX Spectrum 48K, could be carried in a small case with a computer case, a power supply unit and a joystick. Sold it in 1990 at a price of 650 rubles.
Other computers of the 1980s
Meet this - Irisha. With the help of such an 8-bit computer they were going to teach children computer science in schools. TV was used as a monitor - black and white or color. The computer is built on the basis of all the same processor KR580VM80A, which was used in the assembly of the Micro-80. The clock frequency is 1.777 MHz.
The first Irishi were introduced in the Moldavian SSR in 1985. This computer did not go into mass production.
An 8-bit educational home Lviv PC-01 microcomputer on a clone of the i8088 processor with a frequency of 2.22 MHz was released from 1986 to 1991. Cost 750 rubles. Total released about 80 thousand copies.
The personal computer Ocean-240 was produced by the Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR since 1986 and was intended for use in expeditions. Equipped with 128 KB of RAM. As an external source of memory - a household tape recorder.
Used it together with a deep-sea probe as an information computing complex.
Pildin 601 was assembled in 1987 in Bulgaria on the basis of an 8-bit SM601 processor, an analogue of the Motorola MC6800. Puldin 601 had as many as four video modes of 0..3 and a SECAM coder. The following models have added input using a light pen and a printer port.
Documentation, computer and additional circuit diagram, photos, articles and other materials about Pildin.
Electronics MC 0511, or UKNTS, was intended for training. It was first introduced in 1987. Also on its basis were built process control systems, telegraph hubs, accounting systems, ticketing systems and so on.
The Corvette PK8010 / PK8020 has been mass-produced since 1988. These computers could be connected to a local network of up to 16 machines.
The UT-88 microcomputer consisted of a power supply unit, a central processor unit, a small memory block and an interface unit.
This is also UT-88, but in a minimal configuration.
Bashkiria-2M was developed in 1989. It had 128 KB of RAM, including 24 KB of video memory — this made it possible to store two pages of 12 KB each. Connected to a conventional TV or monitor "Electronics MS 3201".
The 8-bit Orion-128 received the first prize in 1989 at the All-Union Radio Amateur Exhibition. The CPU KR580VM80A worked at a frequency of 2.5 MHz, 128 KB of RAM could be expanded to 256 KB. Worked in graphic mode, connected it to the TV.
In Minsk, in 1989, the computer was produced Nemiga. This 16-bit PC was supplied to educational institutions as part of computer complexes. The computer processor was capable of 500 thousand register-register operations per second, and the video controller formed a raster image of 512 × 312 in size, video memory - 32 KB. RAM - 128 KB. There was also a local network controller.
In the photo - Nemiga PC 588, a desktop computer for the teacher.
Other computers of the 1990s
In 1990, on the basis of the same beloved processor in the USSR, the KR580VM80A processor was produced by Iskra 1080 Tartu computer. It boasted 64 KB of RAM and 20 KB of ROM, as well as video modes with a resolution of 384x256 (4 colors) and 768x256 (2 colors).
Aleste 520EX - this Omsk computer, developed in 1992-1993. Used processor Zilog Z80 at 8 MHz. 512 KB of RAM could be expanded up to 2 MB, there was a 3.5 inch drive. The prototype also had a tactile input device for the monitor.
Among the extensions was a light processor, with the help of which Alesta was used as a light control system in the theater.
Please write about your experience in the comments or leave links to your publications on the topic.
It is interesting:
Computer History Museum
Advertising laptops of the 1980s and 1990s
The history of personal computers in advertising. Part 1: 1970s
The history of personal computers in advertising. Part 2: 1980s
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/195972/
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