Ideologies

Nowadays, fierce “holy wars” (“holivars”) quite often go online, where users of some systems argue with users of other systems about which system is better. Usually they have the form:

- And the elephant's trunk is longer.
- But the giraffe's neck is steeper.
- But the elephant runs faster!
- In this case, it is not critical!
- I do not agree!
- I heard that the mammoth is tearing them all!
- Oh well ... it's already full of old stuff ...

Maybe there is a sense in such battles, but I did not find it.

All software developers (for a wide range of users) naturally strive for the popularity of their systems. Under the influence of the developers or not, certain ideologies often arise. A great way to tie a user to your product is to impose an ideology on him. For example, Habrahabr also imposes not only its own ideology, but also a subculture similarity (various “Habraslova”, “UFO”, etc.), which cannot but penetrate into our life. Thus, there is a so-called “habrozavisimost", "habrolomka", etc.
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It seems to me that following ideologies leads a person away from objectivity. Always remember that you are a person. This is the main thing. What OS you have or which player you use is minor and, as a rule, temporary. The operating system is primarily a tool. The same tool as the hammer or ax, only much more diverse. Each operating system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some have a good interface, others hide their potential. But in any case they remain tools, so everyone chooses what is more convenient for him, what is more suitable for the tasks to be solved.

Remember, the fact that you use a particular product does not mean that it is the best.

I decided that it was important to start the fifth article with this entry. Maybe this will not help much in mastering Linux, but it seems to me, it will come in handy in life.

Important directories and files

There are a lot of important files and folders in Ubuntu, so in one article they can hardly be considered, so I will describe those that seemed to me the most important.

/ - root filesystem. This folder is the parent (grandparent, grandparent, ...) for all other files and folders of the system. In Linux, a single-root centralized file system. This is very different from Windows, where each disk represents a separate root for the system.

~ Is the home directory, or rather its brief entry. The full entry is / home / (username). This directory stores personal documents, applications for personal use, configurations of many applications for a specific user.

/ tmp - folder for temporary files in which applications store temporary data during operation. Do not change permissions to it, otherwise applications may not work correctly.

/ bin / sbin / usr / bin ~ / bin are directories in which applications often store their executable files, or scripts to launch executable files. Windows executables are basically EXE, COM, and BAT. In Linux, the extension does not matter - the operating system itself determines the type of file. Thus, in Linux, executable files are both binary files and code files in various languages. We will talk about this later.

/ media - external media and partitions with non-Unix file systems are mounted in this folder. Each disk becomes a “folder” in this directory.

/ var / log - logs (log files) are saved to this folder and its subfolders, using which you can diagnose various problems.

/ etc - configurations of many applications are stored at the level of the entire computer.

/etc/init.d - here are the scripts for starting / stopping daemons (the word “service” was used in Windows).

/etc/rc.local - this script is run at boot. For example, here you can write commands to connect to the Internet.

/etc/X11/xorg.conf is the X-Window system configuration file (this system manages the Linux window visualization). Here you can configure various parameters of input devices (keyboard, mouse) and output (monitor).

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Taking this opportunity, I want to thank the user karts , who corrects dozens of errors in my articles before publication.

Now everyone can help the development of this series of articles, share their experiences. Welcome to: http://www.linuxman.ru . All changes to the wiki, I will eventually transfer to Habr.

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