My vision of a smart home
Hello, Habrasoobschestvo!
Observing the increase in those about the smart home and under the impression that groups of people are being created who are also interested in this (the Completely Free Smart Home Project ), I wanted to tell the community my vision of this product how to make it convenient and cheap.
Main tasks:
With the help of the main tasks, a huge number of side problems are solved, such as:
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At the moment, each of the above tasks is solved, but they are not integrated into a single system.
Figure 1 - General block diagram of the system
At the moment, smart home systems for lighting control use expensive “smart” switches with prices ranging from 500 to 1,500 rubles, which are disguised as ordinary switches. I do not like this approach.
To interact with the user, I suggest using cheap Chinese tablet computers with Android OS, which cost about 2500 rubles. Tablet computers should be fixed on the walls. They can not only serve as switches, but also display a lot of useful information; output audio and video stream for video surveillance systems, video intercom, audio alarm systems; serve as part of a video surveillance system; to be a source of emergency lighting. Among other things, it looks more futuristic than the classic switches.
For solving the problems of electrical equipment control, I met either industrial automation systems, or smart home systems using their own protocols, or sets of modules for arduino.
Industrial automation systems are too expensive for home use, smart home systems with X10 protocols and the like are too low-functional. Arduino-based systems are not a ready-made solution, to use such a system, you need to buy the necessary set of modules, make a case, make a mating scheme for all these modules, and so on ...
In my opinion, the most appropriate option would be to create a unified module for each room, containing the most used functionality, and for solving specific problems (for example, RGB ceiling lighting) to use third-party equipment or arduino.
The approximate composition of such a module:
I intend to connect such a module to a tablet computer via USB or via a serial port through an appropriate adapter. Thus, the tablet computer will receive commands via Wifi, Ethernet, or any other communication system and control the control module.
Perhaps it makes sense to consider the development of this module as an independent device with an Ethernet port, so that an external computer is not required for its operation.
To implement this function, it is required to connect all devices into a single network, develop a communication protocol, and organize a server to execute automation scripts.
Data transfer network suggest using Ethernet and Wifi. Their bandwidth will allow you to execute commands without delay, transfer large amounts of multimedia data (you need to organize a video broadcast from the camera to the tablet, if you suddenly want to see what you have with the parked car in the middle of the night and get out of bed too lazy). Also, there is a floor. The network itself can be used as a home network for file sharing and Internet access.
Observing the increase in those about the smart home and under the impression that groups of people are being created who are also interested in this (the Completely Free Smart Home Project ), I wanted to tell the community my vision of this product how to make it convenient and cheap.
Solvable tasks
Main tasks:
- User interaction - Means for displaying information and accepting commands from the user, for example, tablet computers with appropriate software;
- Remote control - Means to execute user commands, such as turning on the lights, closing doors, etc.
- Monitoring - Means of collecting information (temperature sensors / light / hazardous gases / opening doors / etc.);
- Home automation - a computer which is a server for collecting information, storing system configurations and executing control scripts;
- Interface with adjacent systems - the system should interact with external devices, such as TV, air conditioning, etc.
- Data transfer - Means of communication of all nodes in a single network.
With the help of the main tasks, a huge number of side problems are solved, such as:
- Access Control System;
- Security alarm;
- Fire alarm;
- CCTV;
- Video intercom;
- Baby monitor;
- Remote control lighting;
- Automatic shutdown of electrical equipment at night and in the absence of people in the room, in order to save electricity;
- A system of unified access to all information and any resources from anywhere in the home.
')
At the moment, each of the above tasks is solved, but they are not integrated into a single system.
Practical solution
Figure 1 - General block diagram of the system
User interaction
At the moment, smart home systems for lighting control use expensive “smart” switches with prices ranging from 500 to 1,500 rubles, which are disguised as ordinary switches. I do not like this approach.
To interact with the user, I suggest using cheap Chinese tablet computers with Android OS, which cost about 2500 rubles. Tablet computers should be fixed on the walls. They can not only serve as switches, but also display a lot of useful information; output audio and video stream for video surveillance systems, video intercom, audio alarm systems; serve as part of a video surveillance system; to be a source of emergency lighting. Among other things, it looks more futuristic than the classic switches.
Remote control and monitoring
For solving the problems of electrical equipment control, I met either industrial automation systems, or smart home systems using their own protocols, or sets of modules for arduino.
Industrial automation systems are too expensive for home use, smart home systems with X10 protocols and the like are too low-functional. Arduino-based systems are not a ready-made solution, to use such a system, you need to buy the necessary set of modules, make a case, make a mating scheme for all these modules, and so on ...
In my opinion, the most appropriate option would be to create a unified module for each room, containing the most used functionality, and for solving specific problems (for example, RGB ceiling lighting) to use third-party equipment or arduino.
The approximate composition of such a module:
- Microcontroller
- 1-2 simistor 220V outputs (PWM with phase detection)
- RGB LED strip control
- 4 relays 220V 2A
- 8x discrete outputs
- 4x digital inputs (short / open)
- 1x IR radiator (control of home appliances, such as TV, air conditioning, etc.)
- 1x temperature and humidity sensor
- 1x motion sensor input
- 1x control input:
- or 1x RS232 input
- or 1x RS485 input
- or 1x Ethernet input
- 1x power supply from 220V
I intend to connect such a module to a tablet computer via USB or via a serial port through an appropriate adapter. Thus, the tablet computer will receive commands via Wifi, Ethernet, or any other communication system and control the control module.
Perhaps it makes sense to consider the development of this module as an independent device with an Ethernet port, so that an external computer is not required for its operation.
Home automation and data network
To implement this function, it is required to connect all devices into a single network, develop a communication protocol, and organize a server to execute automation scripts.
Data transfer network suggest using Ethernet and Wifi. Their bandwidth will allow you to execute commands without delay, transfer large amounts of multimedia data (you need to organize a video broadcast from the camera to the tablet, if you suddenly want to see what you have with the parked car in the middle of the night and get out of bed too lazy). Also, there is a floor. The network itself can be used as a home network for file sharing and Internet access.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/187410/
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