How libraries work
While I was not confronted with the development of software for libraries, I did not realize how confusing it all was.
In order to keep the library in order and quickly find materials on the desired topic, it is necessary to catalog it. And here begins the interesting.
There are millions of libraries in the world and they do not have a centralized control center, as you wish, and keep order in their library, this leads to very large delays in interlibrary lending. And what problems do authors of automation software have when each library stores data in its own format, I think it’s not necessary to describe. This is where MARC comes to the rescue.
Attention! The purpose of this article is to show tools for exchanging information between libraries and various organizations. Under the cut is a brief technical information with hyperlinks, which can serve as a starting point for a more in-depth study of the material. Funny pictures and examples with ihodnikami not here.
MARC (English Machine-Readable Cataloging) - machine-readable cataloging. In order not to bore you with reading a long detailed article in the wiki, I will briefly tell you the essence. MARC came up with the Library of Congress , after that the mass creation of national MARC formats began, each country wanted to create its own formatwith blackjack and whores . But fortunately, over the 40 years since its inception, everything has calmed down and now there are 2 main branches of MARC records in the world - MARC21 , which is distributed mainly in English-speaking countries and UNIMARC , which is used mainly in Europe and Asia.
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The basic meaning of a MARC entry is that a specific key is assigned to each property of the object to be cataloged, which is called a tag. For example, when we see a MARC entry and meet the tag “020” we know that its value is always an ISBN . But unfortunately some properties can be attributed to different tags, for example, the subject matter of a work can be attributed to several tags, and where it will be assigned depends on the particular librarian.
In total there are 999 possible tags, here is a list of their values .
In large Universities, there are archives with ready-made MARC data from multiple books, access to these archives is usually provided via the Z39.50 protocol, there is even a list of gateways, for example.
Basically, the Z39.50 protocol is used to exchange information between libraries. Based on this protocol, the ZOOM API is written. And to use this API, you can use the YAZ toolkit , which is written under the most popular OS (windows, linux), the C source codes are also available, and you can compile it yourself.
In addition to tags, sub-tags and indicators are also used, but for a wide range of readers this is boring and unnecessary information.
PS:
Gentlemen, I don't see any point in writing a more detailed article, the subject matter is very rare, this article gives all the starting points for a start. What does not suit you in this article I do not understand, copying an article from Wiki is contrary to the rules of Habr. I think that by putting a minus you would like to show that there is not enough information you need. Apparently you are interested in some details, write in the comments, I will try to open the topic.
In order to keep the library in order and quickly find materials on the desired topic, it is necessary to catalog it. And here begins the interesting.
There are millions of libraries in the world and they do not have a centralized control center, as you wish, and keep order in their library, this leads to very large delays in interlibrary lending. And what problems do authors of automation software have when each library stores data in its own format, I think it’s not necessary to describe. This is where MARC comes to the rescue.
Attention! The purpose of this article is to show tools for exchanging information between libraries and various organizations. Under the cut is a brief technical information with hyperlinks, which can serve as a starting point for a more in-depth study of the material. Funny pictures and examples with ihodnikami not here.
MARC (English Machine-Readable Cataloging) - machine-readable cataloging. In order not to bore you with reading a long detailed article in the wiki, I will briefly tell you the essence. MARC came up with the Library of Congress , after that the mass creation of national MARC formats began, each country wanted to create its own format
')
The basic meaning of a MARC entry is that a specific key is assigned to each property of the object to be cataloged, which is called a tag. For example, when we see a MARC entry and meet the tag “020” we know that its value is always an ISBN . But unfortunately some properties can be attributed to different tags, for example, the subject matter of a work can be attributed to several tags, and where it will be assigned depends on the particular librarian.
In total there are 999 possible tags, here is a list of their values .
In large Universities, there are archives with ready-made MARC data from multiple books, access to these archives is usually provided via the Z39.50 protocol, there is even a list of gateways, for example.
Basically, the Z39.50 protocol is used to exchange information between libraries. Based on this protocol, the ZOOM API is written. And to use this API, you can use the YAZ toolkit , which is written under the most popular OS (windows, linux), the C source codes are also available, and you can compile it yourself.
In addition to tags, sub-tags and indicators are also used, but for a wide range of readers this is boring and unnecessary information.
PS:
Gentlemen, I don't see any point in writing a more detailed article, the subject matter is very rare, this article gives all the starting points for a start. What does not suit you in this article I do not understand, copying an article from Wiki is contrary to the rules of Habr. I think that by putting a minus you would like to show that there is not enough information you need. Apparently you are interested in some details, write in the comments, I will try to open the topic.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/159471/
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