IBM says they are ready to create quantum computers
Traditional computer systems, whose source was IBM, are based on logical elements that can be simultaneously in only one state, interpreted, for example, as "0" or "1". The future of computers - quantum computing (the idea of ​​a quantum computer was proposed as early as 1980 by Soviet mathematician Yu. I. Manin) - is based on quantum bits (qubits), which can simultaneously (see Schrödinger's cat ) be in states “0” and “1 "; this property of theirs was called the " superposition ". Thus, a computer system of two qubits can perform four calculations simultaneously, of three qubits — eight calculations, and so on. In general, as the number of qubits increases, the computing capacity of the computer will increase exponentially.
For a long time, IBM researchers worked on the problem of quantum decoherence — errors in computations caused by such factors as heat, electromagnetic radiation, material defects, etc. Now, engineers have reached a level of performance and stability of quantum devices that is minimally necessary for the implementation of an existing quantum computer.
The main focus of the work was an increase in the time period when a qubit could possibly maintain its quantum-mechanical properties for a long time by experimenting with the chemical purity of semiconductor elements. According to one of IBM's scientists involved in the quantum computer project, Matthias Steffen, now quantum computing is no longer just an object of laboratory research.
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Moreover, IBM is working with the Yelles University on a “three-dimensional” superconducting qubit (3D qubit), the number of simultaneous states of which is greater than the number of quantum states of an ordinary qubit. At the same time, for “ordinary” qubits, engineers have already implemented one of the future basic logical operations of quantum computers - controlled-NOT (CNOT) and, apparently, there is every reason to expect that IBM will be able to repeat the history more than half a century ago by creating computers again only at a completely different level.
[ Source ]
For a long time, IBM researchers worked on the problem of quantum decoherence — errors in computations caused by such factors as heat, electromagnetic radiation, material defects, etc. Now, engineers have reached a level of performance and stability of quantum devices that is minimally necessary for the implementation of an existing quantum computer.
The main focus of the work was an increase in the time period when a qubit could possibly maintain its quantum-mechanical properties for a long time by experimenting with the chemical purity of semiconductor elements. According to one of IBM's scientists involved in the quantum computer project, Matthias Steffen, now quantum computing is no longer just an object of laboratory research.
')
Moreover, IBM is working with the Yelles University on a “three-dimensional” superconducting qubit (3D qubit), the number of simultaneous states of which is greater than the number of quantum states of an ordinary qubit. At the same time, for “ordinary” qubits, engineers have already implemented one of the future basic logical operations of quantum computers - controlled-NOT (CNOT) and, apparently, there is every reason to expect that IBM will be able to repeat the history more than half a century ago by creating computers again only at a completely different level.
[ Source ]
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/139056/
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