Not so long ago,
an article about building a stand for intercepting traffic between the iPhone \ iPad \ iTunes and the iCloud cloud service ran through Habré. The article was good and everything is correct in it, but, as noted in one of the comments, it is easily replaced with one sentence “put
Charles and add his certificate to the trusted ones”. The result will be the same - we will see the decrypted HTTPS traffic.
And this is what we see in Charles logs when synchronizing music with iCloud:

Various service requests run to Apple servers, but the download of the file itself comes directly from the Amazon server. Those. This is where your files are stored.
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I tend to evaluate Apple’s decision to use Amazon as a file storage facility rather positively than the other way around. Amazon on cloud services has already eaten a dog, and using someone else's reliable tool is better than typing bumps with the heads of its users, fallen from the newly invented bicycle.
PS Once again I will clarify - we are talking only about the storage of music files. Requests to synchronize contacts / caledarians, etc. go to the Apple server and I have no idea where the data is physically further stored.