DIY quadcopter: Part I
ATTENTION, the article is outdated, but it can still be used for informational purposes.
As promised, as soon as I fly, I will write a full post about the assembly of my flying unit. Surely, many people have long seen how an “ordinary” office employee collects it in 2 hours , I immediately note that I am not an “ordinary” office worker, so the pilot from me is not very good yet, but it is important that the quadcopter flies and responds adequately to the controls. The first and most important thing - if you decide to collect, do not save and do not think that you are smarter than those who are already flying, just keep in mind that theory is somewhat at odds with practice.
There are a large number of firmware, ready-made controllers, variants of sensors, motors, etc. etc. - there is something to choose from, but in the article I ’ll dwell only on one version based on the Arduino Mega, MegaPirate firmware and relatively cheap sensors.
In order not to torment you,% username%, this is how it flies without special settings, calibrations and balances in inept hands:
And now what do we need for this ...
The most important and minimal thing required for building from scratch (first on the list is what I used, then what many others use):
Suppose that everything above you already have and you can start drilling, soldering and twisting.
We make rama who is in that much, the main thing is that the distance from the center to the ends of the rays is the same, the propellers do not touch each other and the central part (plywood) as they rotate, as there will be brains, sensors and possibly a camera on it. It is better to install the sensors on a thick adhesive tape, silicone or rubber, to reduce vibration. At the ends or in the middle of the beams, rubber balls, foam or dense paralon can be inserted as a landing gear for a soft landing.
I did something like this (the battery is mounted on the other side, on the photo is the old version of the brains of the copter with the MultiWii firmware, with which I was not lucky):
not very beautiful, but flies
And now the attention of the shoals, about which you can stumble out of ignorance and the necessary information:
')
Continuation
PS: I hope people in the RC topic will forgive me for inaccuracies and correct them where necessary.
As promised, as soon as I fly, I will write a full post about the assembly of my flying unit. Surely, many people have long seen how an “ordinary” office employee collects it in 2 hours , I immediately note that I am not an “ordinary” office worker, so the pilot from me is not very good yet, but it is important that the quadcopter flies and responds adequately to the controls. The first and most important thing - if you decide to collect, do not save and do not think that you are smarter than those who are already flying, just keep in mind that theory is somewhat at odds with practice.There are a large number of firmware, ready-made controllers, variants of sensors, motors, etc. etc. - there is something to choose from, but in the article I ’ll dwell only on one version based on the Arduino Mega, MegaPirate firmware and relatively cheap sensors.
Result
In order not to torment you,% username%, this is how it flies without special settings, calibrations and balances in inept hands:
And now what do we need for this ...
Details and prices
The most important and minimal thing required for building from scratch (first on the list is what I used, then what many others use):
| Quadcopter itself | ||
|---|---|---|
| Motors: 4 pieces better to take 1 more, useful | hacker Style Brushless Outrunner 20-22L 924kv | $ 12.88 |
| hexTronik DT700 Brushless Outrunner 700kv | $ 10.95 | |
| 2213N 800Kv Brushless Motor | $ 7.36 | |
| Propellers: minimum 2 standard and 2 reverse rotations At the beginning of the attempts and tests it will be the main consumables, so take a lot at once, at the same time some of them will be defective and not suitable for use. | 10X6 Propellers (5pcs) 10X6R Propellers (5pcs) | $ 2.40 $ 3.04 |
| APC 10x4.7 counter rotating propellers set | $ 8.50 | |
| Speed ​​controllers: 4 pieces it is necessary to buy as motors with a reserve, maybe a marriage or accidentally burn and then wait a month for a new one | HobbyKing 30A BlueSeries Brushless Speed ​​Controller they are Mystery 30A BlueSeries | $ 10.47 $ 13.96 |
| TURNIGY Plush 25amp Speed ​​Controller | $ 11.81 | |
| Power supply with an increase in capacity, the weight also grows, which means the motors will consume more, so there is not much point in taking a super capacious battery, it is better to take 2-3 small ones and change them | Turnigy 2200mAh 3S 30C Lipo | $ 13.79 |
| ZIPPY Flightmax 2800mAh 3S1P 30C | $ 17.76 | |
| Frame We try to make it as light and strong as possible. | 4 aluminum tubes or 10x10 profile and a piece of plywood | disassemble aluminum tripod |
| HobbyKing Quadcopter Frame V1 | $ 14.99 | |
| Brains and sensors | ||
| Programmable microcontroller | Seeeduino mega | $ 43.00 |
| Arduino mega | $ 64.90 | |
| Sensors I recommend immediately taking AllInOne or FFIMU to a handkerchief, since the other sensors will be very useful later | ITG3205 gyroscope accelerometer BMA020 | WMP $ 7.98 BMA020 230rub |
| All In One (ITG3200 gyroscope, BMA180 accelerometer, BMP085 barometer, HMC5883L magnetometer) | $ 99.80 | |
| FreeFlight IMU 1.22L | € 84.00 | |
| Control equipment and charger | ||
| Control equipment minimum 4 channels | Hobby King 2.4Ghz 4Ch Tx & Rx V2 (Mode 2) | $ 22.99 |
| Turnigy 9X 9Ch (Mode 2) | $ 53.79 | |
| Battery to equipment | Mystery 11.1V 2200mAh | $ 12.72 |
| AA 600mAH Ni-MH Battery Set (8pc) | $ 1.99 | |
| Charger | iMAX B6 2.5 "LCD RC Lipo Battery Balance Charger | $ 36.50 |
| Turnigy Accucel-6 50W 6A Balancer / Charger | $ 22.99 | |
| Other | ||
| you will also need wires, bolts, screws, ties, a drill, a soldering iron with soldering accessories and more or less straight arms | ||
| TOTAL from about $ 220 | ||
Assembly and adjustment of iron
Suppose that everything above you already have and you can start drilling, soldering and twisting.
We make rama who is in that much, the main thing is that the distance from the center to the ends of the rays is the same, the propellers do not touch each other and the central part (plywood) as they rotate, as there will be brains, sensors and possibly a camera on it. It is better to install the sensors on a thick adhesive tape, silicone or rubber, to reduce vibration. At the ends or in the middle of the beams, rubber balls, foam or dense paralon can be inserted as a landing gear for a soft landing.
I did something like this (the battery is mounted on the other side, on the photo is the old version of the brains of the copter with the MultiWii firmware, with which I was not lucky):
not very beautiful, but flies
And now the attention of the shoals, about which you can stumble out of ignorance and the necessary information:
- The receiver must be paired with the transmitter - it is written in the instructions
- Speed ​​controllers (ESC) need to be calibrated! To do this, we connect together all 4 ESC: ground (black) and signal wire (white or yellow) and leave ONE power wire (red), then insert it into the third channel of the receiver, and also connect the power wires and connect the motors to the regulators. After that, with the transmitter turned on, we put the gas knob (the third channel) to the maximum position (up) and connect the power supply to the speed regulators, the motors cheerfully squeak, then lower the gas knob down and the motors squeak again - hurray, we calibrated the regulator
- Often, the speed regulators need to be programmed, read the instructions for their regulators, the main point is to increase the reaction speed by increasing the frequency and setting the instant response mode, rather than a gradual set of revolutions. This can be done both by listening to endless squeaking, and using special cards for programming .
- To the motors rotated in the other direction, you need to change any two wires in some places
- Last but not least, put the propellers - they cut their hands very well
- Motors, like propellers, often require balancing, to reduce vibration, to do this, take the usual cable ties and rotate 1-2 on the motor and turn it on until you feel the minimum vibration. In more detail, as well as the video is better to read on a specialized forum
')
Continuation
PS: I hope people in the RC topic will forgive me for inaccuracies and correct them where necessary.
Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/120266/
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