Apple has published the official position on the Consolidated.db file

Today Apple.com has given the official answer to all users regarding the Consolidated.db file.
You can view the original language on this page.

If you try to put everything in one two sentences I, you get something like this:
“We do not follow you, information is collected to speed up the search for your location.
Information is collected completely anonymously and is not shared with anyone. ”

Upd: Found translation into Russian