What is behind the number of "credit card"

First of all, about the terminology. What is often called a credit card in Russia is a bank (most often) payment card. Cards can issue not only the bank. Cards can be not only credit. In general, the theory you yourself can find.

And now, actually, the infographics about how bank card numbers are arranged (600 * 1800px 280KB):



The original in English is available:
here
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A great rework of infographics executed soulburner